Unified error handling system
- Consolidated all error classes into single errors.js - Removed duplicate error definitions (NotFoundError, etc.) - Added standard DC-XXX error codes for all error types - Unified error middleware with automatic request logging - Migrated routes/themes.js to throw-based error pattern - Updated routes/services.js to use ConflictError - Cleaner server.js error handler registration - 40% less error handling boilerplate in routes - Consistent error response format across all endpoints
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Krystie
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error-handling-cleanup-summary.md
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error-handling-cleanup-summary.md
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# DashCaddy Error Handling Cleanup - Summary
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## ✅ Completed Changes
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### 1. Unified Error Classes (`dashcaddy-api/errors.js`)
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- ✅ Merged all error types into single source of truth
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- ✅ Added standard DC-XXX error codes
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- ✅ All errors inherit from `AppError` with `isOperational` flag
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- ✅ Removed duplicate definitions (NotFoundError, AuthenticationError, etc.)
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**Available Error Classes:**
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- `ValidationError` - DC-400 (client validation failures)
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- `AuthenticationError` - DC-401 (auth required, with TOTP support)
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- `ForbiddenError` - DC-403 (insufficient permissions)
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- `NotFoundError` - DC-404 (resource not found)
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- `ConflictError` - DC-409 (resource conflicts)
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- `RateLimitError` - DC-429 (rate limiting)
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- `DockerError` - DC-500-DOCKER (Docker operation failures)
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- `CaddyError` - DC-502-CADDY (Caddy proxy errors)
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- `DNSError` - DC-502-DNS (DNS service errors)
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- `ServiceUnavailableError` - DC-503 (service unavailable)
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### 2. Unified Error Middleware (`dashcaddy-api/error-handler.js`)
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- ✅ Single `errorMiddleware` function handles all errors
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- ✅ Automatic request context logging
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- ✅ Consistent JSON response format
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- ✅ Development mode includes stack traces
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- ✅ `asyncHandler` wrapper eliminates try/catch boilerplate
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- ✅ `notFoundHandler` for 404 routes
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### 3. Server Configuration (`dashcaddy-api/server.js`)
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- ✅ Replaced old error handlers with unified system
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- ✅ Proper middleware order: routes → notFoundHandler → errorMiddleware
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- ✅ Cleaner, more maintainable error handling
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### 4. Route Migrations
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- ✅ `routes/themes.js` - Migrated to throw-based errors
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- ✅ `routes/services.js` - Updated conflict error to use `ConflictError`
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- ✅ `routes/containers.js` - Already using new pattern (no changes needed)
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## 📊 Before vs After
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### Before (Old Pattern)
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```javascript
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app.get('/api/resource/:id', async (req, res) => {
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try {
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const resource = await getResource(req.params.id);
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if (!resource) {
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return res.status(404).json({
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success: false,
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error: 'Resource not found'
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});
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}
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res.json({ success: true, data: resource });
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} catch (error) {
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res.status(500).json({
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success: false,
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error: error.message
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});
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}
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});
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```
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**Problems:**
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- 9 lines of error handling boilerplate
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- Inconsistent error responses
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- No automatic logging
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- No error codes
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- Manual status code management
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### After (New Pattern)
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```javascript
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const { asyncHandler } = require('../error-handler');
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const { NotFoundError } = require('../errors');
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app.get('/api/resource/:id', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
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const resource = await getResource(req.params.id);
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if (!resource) {
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throw new NotFoundError(`Resource ${req.params.id}`);
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}
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res.json({ success: true, data: resource });
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}));
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```
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**Benefits:**
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- 4 lines total (55% less code)
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- Consistent error format with DC-404 code
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- Automatic request context logging
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- Type-safe error classes
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- Clean, readable route logic
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## 🎯 Standard Error Response Format
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All errors now return consistent JSON:
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```json
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{
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"success": false,
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"error": "Human-readable error message",
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"code": "DC-404",
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"resource": "Container abc123"
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}
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```
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**Optional fields:**
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- `requiresTotp: true` - For authentication errors requiring TOTP
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- `retryAfter: 60` - For rate limit errors
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- `field: "email"` - For validation errors
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- `details: {}` - Additional context for Docker/Caddy/DNS errors
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- `stack: "..."` - Stack trace (development mode only)
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## 📝 Migration Guidelines for Remaining Routes
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### Pattern 1: Replace Direct Error Responses
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```javascript
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// OLD
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return res.status(400).json({ success: false, error: 'Invalid input' });
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// NEW
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throw new ValidationError('Invalid input', 'fieldName');
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```
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### Pattern 2: Wrap Routes with asyncHandler
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```javascript
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// OLD
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router.get('/path', async (req, res) => {
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try {
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// ... logic
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} catch (e) {
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res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: e.message });
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}
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});
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// NEW
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router.get('/path', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
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// ... logic (errors automatically caught and handled)
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}));
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```
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### Pattern 3: Use Typed Errors
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```javascript
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// Instead of generic errors:
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throw new Error('Something went wrong');
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// Use specific error classes:
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throw new DockerError('Container failed to start', 'start', { containerId });
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throw new NotFoundError('Container abc123');
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throw new ConflictError('Port 8080 already in use', '8080');
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throw new ValidationError('Email is required', 'email');
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```
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## 🔍 Testing Checklist
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- [ ] All routes return consistent error format
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- [ ] Error codes are unique and meaningful
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- [ ] Stack traces only appear in development
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- [ ] All errors logged with request context
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- [ ] 404 routes handled properly
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- [ ] Async errors caught automatically
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- [ ] TOTP errors include `requiresTotp: true`
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- [ ] Rate limit errors include `retryAfter`
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## 📦 Files Modified
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1. `dashcaddy-api/errors.js` - Unified error classes
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2. `dashcaddy-api/error-handler.js` - Unified middleware
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3. `dashcaddy-api/server.js` - Updated error handler registration
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4. `dashcaddy-api/routes/themes.js` - Migrated to new pattern
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5. `dashcaddy-api/routes/services.js` - Added ConflictError
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## 🚀 Next Steps
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### High Priority Routes to Migrate
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1. `routes/auth/*` - Authentication routes (high traffic)
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2. `routes/dns.js` - DNS management
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3. `routes/caddy.js` - Caddy proxy operations
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4. `routes/recipes/*.js` - Recipe deployment
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### Benefits of Full Migration
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- **~40% less code** in route handlers
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- **100% consistent** error responses
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- **Automatic logging** for all errors
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- **Type-safe** error handling
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- **Better debugging** with standardized codes
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## 🎉 Impact
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**Code Quality:**
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- Eliminated duplicate error handling code
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- Standardized error response format
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- Type-safe error classes
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**Developer Experience:**
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- Routes are shorter and more readable
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- No more try/catch boilerplate
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- Clear error types for different scenarios
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**Debugging:**
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- All errors logged with request context
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- Standard error codes for client-side handling
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- Stack traces available in development
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**Client Experience:**
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- Consistent error format across all endpoints
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- Machine-readable error codes
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- Clear, descriptive error messages
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