[glm-grade=B] fix(logging): surface AggregateError causes + .cause chains in error.log (DC-056)

Live preflight at 2026-08-18T08:42Z surfaced a real entry in error.log: [2026-08-18T06:49:03.345Z] [ERR] update: context: {"imageName":"ipfs/kubo:latest"} The line was terminated with a literal empty <message> because AggregateError.message is empty by spec — registry-1.docker.io multi-A timeouts (and any Promise.any / multi-fetch failure) leaked through with no actionable signal. The only clue was a JSON context tail, and even that didn't say WHY. Operators / incident-triage scripts that grep error.log by line content couldn't tell the difference between a registry outage and DNS resolution failure. **Fix** (dashcaddy-api/src/utils/logging.js, +70 lines): - describeErrorChain(err, depth, seen) flattens .errors[] (AggregateError) and .cause chains into readable lines, each carrying Name [CODE]: message. - writeErrorLog builds both the headline (replacing bare error.message with the formatted chain[0]) and a tail diagnostic block listing chain[1..]. Backwards-compat preserved: headline still matches [ERR] ${ctx}: <head>. - Cycle guard via WeakSet seen: pathological err.cause = err no longer infinite-recurses on the error-path (round-1 GLM polish). - Hard depth cap MAX_CHAIN_DEPTH=16: pathological deep chains truncate with a marker, never crash writeErrorLog (round-1 GLM polish). - Defensive head line for empty err.message: falls back to error.name so AggregateError with no inline message still renders `Error` instead of a literal empty after . **Tests** (__tests__/utils-logging-aggregate-error.test.js, NEW, 209 lines): 13 cases covering plain Error, EPIPE code tag, custom subclass name, empty message fallback, AggregateError (single + nested), .cause chain, req field, extra JSON, separator invariant, circular .cause, depth-truncation, circular .errors[]. GLM judge round 1 (deleg_59155c78, 43.77s): GRADE=B with 2 polish suggestions (cycle guard + depth cap) — folded into the same commit per conjoint-commit anti-pattern. Round 2: not needed (the polish is in). Full suite: 89 suites / 1975 tests pass (+13 net new). ESLint clean.
Merge feature/dc-055-journald-viewer: host journald log viewer
2026-08-18 01:59:14 -07:00 · 2026-08-18 01:29:45 -07:00 · 2026-08-18 01:29:19 -07:00 · 2026-08-18 00:13:58 -07:00 · 2026-08-17 22:46:32 -07:00 · 2026-08-17 20:53:21 -07:00
65 changed files with 6216 additions and 711 deletions
@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@ coverage/
 dist/
 build/
 *.min.js
+static-sites/
@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for caddy-upstream-watcher.
+ *
+ * Mock-driven: we stub fs (for /etc/caddy/sites scan + state file) and http/https
+ * (for the probe). Tests cover site parsing, probe happy/sad path, the 5-minute
+ * "dead" threshold, mute toggle, and incident integration with healthChecker.
+ */
+
+const path = require('path');
+const Module = require('module');
+
+// Mock fs with controllable behavior.
+const fsState = {
+  files: {},          // path -> string content
+  exists: {},         // path -> bool
+  writeLog: [],       // writes
+};
+
+jest.mock('fs', () => {
+  const real = jest.requireActual('fs');
+  return {
+    ...real,
+    existsSync: jest.fn((p) => fsState.exists[p] !== undefined ? fsState.exists[p] : (fsState.files[p] !== undefined)),
+    readFileSync: jest.fn((p) => {
+      if (fsState.files[p] === undefined) {
+        const e = new Error(`ENOENT: ${p}`);
+        e.code = 'ENOENT';
+        throw e;
+      }
+      return fsState.files[p];
+    }),
+    readdirSync: jest.fn((p) => Object.keys(fsState.files).filter(f => f.startsWith(p + '/')).map(f => f.substring(p.length + 1))),
+    writeFileSync: jest.fn((p, content) => {
+      fsState.writeLog.push({ p, content });
+      fsState.files[p] = content;
+      fsState.exists[p] = true;
+    }),
+    mkdirSync: jest.fn(),
+    renameSync: jest.fn((src, dst) => {
+      fsState.files[dst] = fsState.files[src];
+      fsState.exists[dst] = true;
+      delete fsState.files[src];
+      delete fsState.exists[src];
+    })
+  };
+});
+
+// Mock http/https request to control probe responses.
+const probeQueue = []; // each entry: { kind: 'ok'|'err'|'timeout'|'code', statusCode? }
+jest.mock('http', () => ({
+  request: jest.fn((opts, cb) => {
+    const entry = probeQueue.shift() || { kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 };
+    const handlers = {};
+    const res = {
+      statusCode: entry.statusCode || 200,
+      headers: { server: 'mock' },
+      resume: () => {},
+      on: (e, fn) => { handlers[e] = fn; }
+    };
+    const req = {
+      on: jest.fn((e, fn) => { handlers[e] = fn; }),
+      end: jest.fn(() => {
+        if (entry.kind === 'err') {
+          handlers.error && handlers.error(new Error(entry.message || 'connect ECONNREFUSED'));
+          return;
+        }
+        if (entry.kind === 'timeout') {
+          handlers.timeout && handlers.timeout();
+          return;
+        }
+        cb(res);
+        if (handlers.end) handlers.end();
+      }),
+      destroy: jest.fn()
+    };
+    return req;
+  })
+}));
+jest.mock('https', () => ({
+  request: jest.fn((opts, cb) => {
+    const entry = probeQueue.shift() || { kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 };
+    const handlers = {};
+    const res = {
+      statusCode: entry.statusCode || 200,
+      headers: { server: 'mock-https' },
+      resume: () => {},
+      on: (e, fn) => { handlers[e] = fn; }
+    };
+    const req = {
+      on: jest.fn((e, fn) => { handlers[e] = fn; }),
+      end: jest.fn(() => {
+        if (entry.kind === 'err') {
+          handlers.error && handlers.error(new Error(entry.message || 'TLS error'));
+          return;
+        }
+        cb(res);
+        if (handlers.end) handlers.end();
+      }),
+      destroy: jest.fn()
+    };
+    return req;
+  })
+}));
+
+// Reset fs mock state between tests.
+beforeEach(() => {
+  fsState.files = {};
+  fsState.exists = {};
+  fsState.writeLog = [];
+  probeQueue.length = 0;
+  jest.clearAllMocks();
+  jest.resetModules();
+});
+
+describe('CaddyUpstreamWatcher', () => {
+  const SITES = '/etc/caddy/sites';
+  const STATE = '/tmp/caddy-upstreams-test.json';
+
+  function seedSites(files) {
+    for (const [name, content] of Object.entries(files)) {
+      fsState.files[SITES + '/' + name] = content;
+      fsState.exists[SITES + '/' + name] = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  function loadWatcher() {
+    process.env.CADDY_UPSTREAMS_STATE_FILE = STATE;
+    process.env.CADDY_SITES_DIR = SITES;
+    // Disable the singleton's auto-write so we can call _saveState manually.
+    const mod = require('../src/monitoring/caddy-upstream-watcher');
+    return { mod, w: mod.CaddyUpstreamWatcher ? new mod.CaddyUpstreamWatcher() : mod };
+  }
+
+  test('parses reverse_proxy directives from /etc/caddy/sites/*', async () => {
+    seedSites({
+      'arch.sami': `arch.sami {\n    reverse_proxy 100.120.159.34:5000 { health_uri /api/stats }\n}`,
+      'appt.sami': `appt.sami {\n    reverse_proxy http://100.81.59.99:5232\n}`,
+      'zap.sami': `zap.sami {\n    reverse_proxy 10.0.0.5:8080\n    reverse_proxy 10.0.0.6:8080  # multiple upstreams in same site block\n}`
+    });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const snap = w.snapshot();
+    const hosts = snap.upstreams.map(u => u.host).sort();
+    expect(hosts).toEqual(['10.0.0.5:8080', '10.0.0.6:8080', '100.120.159.34:5000', '100.81.59.99:5232']);
+    expect(snap.upstreams.find(u => u.host === '100.120.159.34:5000').site).toBe('arch.sami');
+    expect(snap.upstreams.find(u => u.host === '100.81.59.99:5232').site).toBe('appt.sami');
+  });
+
+  test('ignores non-site files and unparseable entries', async () => {
+    seedSites({
+      'README.md': '# documentation\nreverse_proxy 1.2.3.4:9999\n', // not a site file
+      'garbage.sami': 'not a caddyfile\n', // no reverse_proxy
+      'good.sami': 'good.sami {\n  reverse_proxy 1.2.3.4:9999\n}\n'
+    });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const hosts = w.snapshot().upstreams.map(u => u.host);
+    expect(hosts).toEqual(['1.2.3.4:9999']);
+  });
+
+  test('handles real prod-style filenames: zap.sami-ahmed.net, samitest.space, blocks.cryptographic-triangles.org', async () => {
+    // These are the actual file names in production /etc/caddy/sites/ —
+    // extension is .net / .space / .org, NOT .sami/.caddy/.conf. The old
+    // file-extension filter would skip them silently.
+    seedSites({
+      'zap.sami-ahmed.net': 'zap.sami-ahmed.net {\n    reverse_proxy localhost:8088\n}\n',
+      'samitest.space': 'samitest.space {\n    reverse_proxy 100.120.159.34:8080 {}\n}\n',
+      'blocks.cryptographic-triangles.org': 'blocks.cryptographic-triangles.org {\n\treverse_proxy localhost:3052 {}\n}\n'
+    });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const snap = w.snapshot();
+    const byHost = Object.fromEntries(snap.upstreams.map(u => [u.host, u.site]));
+    expect(byHost['localhost:8088']).toBe('zap.sami-ahmed.net');
+    expect(byHost['100.120.159.34:8080']).toBe('samitest.space');
+    expect(byHost['localhost:3052']).toBe('blocks.cryptographic-triangles.org');
+  });
+
+  test('drops upstreams that disappear from the sites dir', async () => {
+    seedSites({
+      'arch.sami': 'arch.sami {\n  reverse_proxy 1.1.1.1:5000\n}\n'
+    });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    await w.scanSites();
+    expect(w.upstreams.size).toBe(1);
+    fsState.files = {}; // wipe
+    fsState.exists = {};
+    await w.scanSites();
+    expect(w.upstreams.size).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test('healthy probe updates state and does not open an incident', async () => {
+    seedSites({ 'good.sami': 'good.sami { reverse_proxy 1.1.1.1:80 }\n' });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    const fakeHealthChecker = { createIncident: jest.fn(), incidents: [] };
+    w.healthChecker = fakeHealthChecker;
+    await w.scanSites();
+    await w._probeOne(w.upstreams.values().next().value);
+    const snap = w.snapshot();
+    expect(snap.upstreams[0].status).toBe('up');
+    expect(snap.upstreams[0].lastSuccessAt).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(fakeHealthChecker.createIncident).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  test('auth-walled 4xx counts as healthy (proves the upstream answered)', async () => {
+    seedSites({ 'auth.sami': 'auth.sami { reverse_proxy 1.1.1.1:80 }\n' });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'ok', statusCode: 401 });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    await w.scanSites();
+    await w._probeOne(w.upstreams.values().next().value);
+    expect(w.snapshot().upstreams[0].status).toBe('up');
+  });
+
+  test('first failure flips status to down but does NOT open an incident (under 5min)', async () => {
+    seedSites({ 'bad.sami': 'bad.sami { reverse_proxy 1.1.1.1:80 }\n' });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'err', message: 'connect ECONNREFUSED' });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    const fakeHealthChecker = { createIncident: jest.fn(), incidents: [] };
+    w.healthChecker = fakeHealthChecker;
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const u = w.upstreams.values().next().value;
+    u.lastSuccessAt = new Date(Date.now() - 30000).toISOString(); // 30s ago it was healthy
+    await w._probeOne(u);
+    const snap = w.snapshot();
+    expect(snap.upstreams[0].status).toBe('down');
+    expect(snap.upstreams[0].failingForMs).toBeLessThan(5 * 60 * 1000);
+    expect(fakeHealthChecker.createIncident).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  test('after 5 minutes of consecutive failures an incident is opened', async () => {
+    seedSites({ 'dead.sami': 'dead.sami { reverse_proxy 1.1.1.1:80 }\n' });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'err', message: 'i/o timeout' });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    const incidents = [];
+    const fakeHealthChecker = {
+      createIncident: jest.fn((serviceId, type, message, status) => {
+        incidents.push({ serviceId, type, message, status });
+      }),
+      incidents: []
+    };
+    w.healthChecker = fakeHealthChecker;
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const u = w.upstreams.values().next().value;
+    // Simulate lastSuccessAt being 6 minutes ago so failingForMs exceeds DEAD_AFTER_MS.
+    u.lastSuccessAt = new Date(Date.now() - 6 * 60 * 1000).toISOString();
+    await w._probeOne(u);
+    expect(fakeHealthChecker.createIncident).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(fakeHealthChecker.createIncident.mock.calls[0][1]).toBe('caddy-upstream-dead');
+    expect(w.openIncidents.has('1.1.1.1:80')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('does not duplicate incidents for the same upstream', async () => {
+    seedSites({ 'dead.sami': 'dead.sami { reverse_proxy 1.1.1.1:80 }\n' });
+    // Queue up 3 errors so each probe fails.
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'err', message: 'i/o timeout' });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'err', message: 'i/o timeout' });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'err', message: 'i/o timeout' });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    const fakeHealthChecker = {
+      createIncident: jest.fn(),
+      incidents: []
+    };
+    w.healthChecker = fakeHealthChecker;
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const u = w.upstreams.values().next().value;
+    u.lastSuccessAt = new Date(Date.now() - 6 * 60 * 1000).toISOString();
+    await w._probeOne(u);
+    await w._probeOne(u);
+    await w._probeOne(u);
+    expect(fakeHealthChecker.createIncident).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  test('recovery resolves the open incident after RESOLVED_AFTER_MS', async () => {
+    seedSites({ 'flap.sami': 'flap.sami { reverse_proxy 1.1.1.1:80 }\n' });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'err', message: 'i/o timeout' }); // trip dead
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 }); // recovery
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    const fakeHealthChecker = {
+      createIncident: jest.fn(),
+      resolveIncident: jest.fn(),
+      incidents: []
+    };
+    w.healthChecker = fakeHealthChecker;
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const u = w.upstreams.values().next().value;
+    // Trip the dead state
+    u.lastSuccessAt = new Date(Date.now() - 6 * 60 * 1000).toISOString();
+    await w._probeOne(u);
+    expect(w.openIncidents.has('1.1.1.1:80')).toBe(true);
+    // Simulate a recovery — lastFailureAt is 2 min ago, now healthy
+    u.lastFailureAt = new Date(Date.now() - 2 * 60 * 1000).toISOString();
+    await w._probeOne(u);
+    expect(fakeHealthChecker.resolveIncident).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(w.openIncidents.has('1.1.1.1:80')).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test('mute suppresses probing and hides upstream in snapshot status', async () => {
+    seedSites({ 'noisy.sami': 'noisy.sami { reverse_proxy 1.1.1.1:80 }\n' });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    await w.scanSites();
+    w.setMuted('1.1.1.1:80', true);
+    expect(w.isMuted('1.1.1.1:80')).toBe(true);
+    const snap = w.snapshot();
+    expect(snap.upstreams[0].status).toBe('muted');
+    expect(snap.upstreams[0].muted).toBe(true);
+    // probe tick should skip muted
+    await w._tick();
+    // lastCheckedAt should NOT have advanced because no probe was issued
+    expect(snap.upstreams[0].lastCheckedAt).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  test('unmute resets failure counters so a recently-recovered upstream is not immediately re-incidented', async () => {
+    seedSites({ 'flap.sami': 'flap.sami { reverse_proxy 1.1.1.1:80 }\n' });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const u = w.upstreams.values().next().value;
+    u.consecutiveFailures = 42;
+    u.lastError = 'old failure';
+    u.lastFailureAt = new Date().toISOString();
+    u.status = 'down';
+    w.setMuted('1.1.1.1:80', true);
+    w.setMuted('1.1.1.1:80', false);
+    expect(u.consecutiveFailures).toBe(0);
+    expect(u.status).toBe('unknown');
+    expect(u.lastError).toBeNull();
+  });
+
+  test('snapshot sorts dead > down > muted > up > unknown', async () => {
+    seedSites({
+      'a.sami': 'a.sami { reverse_proxy 1.1.1.1:80 }\n',
+      'b.sami': 'b.sami { reverse_proxy 2.2.2.2:80 }\n',
+      'c.sami': 'c.sami { reverse_proxy 3.3.3.3:80 }\n',
+      'd.sami': 'd.sami { reverse_proxy 4.4.4.4:80 }\n',
+      'e.sami': 'e.sami { reverse_proxy 5.5.5.5:80 }\n'
+    });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const all = Array.from(w.upstreams.values());
+    // 1.1.1.1:80 -> up (just succeeded)
+    all.find(u => u.host === '1.1.1.1:80').status = 'up';
+    all.find(u => u.host === '1.1.1.1:80').lastSuccessAt = new Date().toISOString();
+    // 2.2.2.2:80 -> down (recent — last success 30s ago)
+    all.find(u => u.host === '2.2.2.2:80').status = 'down';
+    all.find(u => u.host === '2.2.2.2:80').lastSuccessAt = new Date(Date.now() - 30000).toISOString();
+    // 3.3.3.3:80 -> muted
+    w.muted.add('3.3.3.3:80');
+    // 4.4.4.4:80 -> dead (last success 7min ago, never recovered)
+    const dead = all.find(u => u.host === '4.4.4.4:80');
+    dead.status = 'down';
+    dead.lastSuccessAt = new Date(Date.now() - 7 * 60 * 1000).toISOString();
+    // 5.5.5.5:80 -> unknown (no probes yet)
+    const snap = w.snapshot();
+    const order = snap.upstreams.map(u => u.host);
+    // Expected: dead first, then down, then muted, then up, then unknown
+    expect(order).toEqual(['4.4.4.4:80', '2.2.2.2:80', '3.3.3.3:80', '1.1.1.1:80', '5.5.5.5:80']);
+  });
+
+  test('persists muted list to state file', async () => {
+    seedSites({ 'a.sami': 'a.sami { reverse_proxy 1.1.1.1:80 }\n' });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    await w.scanSites();
+    w.setMuted('1.1.1.1:80', true);
+    // _saveState writes to STATE + '.tmp' then renames. Look for the .tmp
+    // write since that's the actual writeFileSync call (rename is silent).
+    const writes = fsState.writeLog.filter(w => w.p === STATE + '.tmp' || w.p === STATE);
+    expect(writes.length).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+    const last = writes[writes.length - 1];
+    const data = JSON.parse(last.content);
+    expect(data.muted).toContain('1.1.1.1:80');
+  });
+
+  test('reload from state file restores muted list', async () => {
+    // Pre-seed a state file with a muted host
+    fsState.files[STATE] = JSON.stringify({
+      muted: ['99.99.99.99:80'],
+      upstreams: { '99.99.99.99:80': { ip: '99.99.99.99', port: '80', site: 'old.sami', siteFile: 'old.sami' } }
+    });
+    fsState.exists[STATE] = true;
+    // And the matching site file
+    seedSites({ 'old.sami': 'old.sami { reverse_proxy 99.99.99.99:80 }\n' });
+    process.env.CADDY_UPSTREAMS_STATE_FILE = STATE;
+    process.env.CADDY_SITES_DIR = SITES;
+    const mod = require('../src/monitoring/caddy-upstream-watcher');
+    const w = mod.CaddyUpstreamWatcher ? new mod.CaddyUpstreamWatcher() : mod;
+    expect(w.isMuted('99.99.99.99:80')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  // ---- Loopback → host-gateway remap (live bug 2026-08-18) -----------------
+  // The watcher runs inside the container; Caddyfile `localhost:PORT` means
+  // the HOST's loopback. Probing the container's own loopback gave 278
+  // phantom failures per healthy host-side upstream.
+
+  test('loopback upstream probe is remapped to host.docker.internal (not container loopback)', async () => {
+    seedSites({ 'zap.sami': 'zap.sami { reverse_proxy localhost:8088 }\n' });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const u = w.upstreams.get('localhost:8088');
+    expect(u).toBeTruthy();
+    const http = require('http');
+    await w._probeOne(u);
+    // The probe request must have gone to host.docker.internal, keeping the port.
+    const call = http.request.mock.calls.find(c => c[0].hostname === 'host.docker.internal');
+    expect(call).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(call[0].port).toBe('8088');
+    // Display key is unchanged.
+    expect(w.snapshot().upstreams[0].host).toBe('localhost:8088');
+    expect(w.snapshot().upstreams[0].status).toBe('up');
+  });
+
+  test('127.0.0.1 and 127.x addresses are also remapped', async () => {
+    seedSites({
+      'a.sami': 'a.sami { reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:8765 }\n',
+      'b.sami': 'b.sami { reverse_proxy 127.0.0.53:9000 }\n'
+    });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const http = require('http');
+    for (const u of w.upstreams.values()) await w._probeOne(u);
+    const hostnames = http.request.mock.calls.map(c => c[0].hostname);
+    expect(hostnames).toEqual(['host.docker.internal', 'host.docker.internal']);
+  });
+
+  test('non-loopback upstreams are probed at their literal address (no remap)', async () => {
+    seedSites({ 'arch.sami': 'arch.sami { reverse_proxy 100.120.159.34:5000 }\n' });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const http = require('http');
+    await w._probeOne(w.upstreams.get('100.120.159.34:5000'));
+    const hostnames = http.request.mock.calls.map(c => c[0].hostname);
+    expect(hostnames).toEqual(['100.120.159.34']);
+  });
+
+  test('failed host-gateway probe marks loopback upstream unverifiable — no failures, no incident', async () => {
+    // Services bound to 127.0.0.1 on the host refuse bridge-IP connections;
+    // from inside the container that is indistinguishable from "dead", and
+    // Caddy (on the host) still routes fine — so it must NOT count as down.
+    seedSites({ 'zap.sami': 'zap.sami { reverse_proxy localhost:8088 }\n' });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'err', message: 'connect ECONNREFUSED 172.17.0.1:8088' });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    const fakeHealthChecker = { createIncident: jest.fn(), resolveIncident: jest.fn(), incidents: [] };
+    w.healthChecker = fakeHealthChecker;
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const u = w.upstreams.get('localhost:8088');
+    u.lastSuccessAt = new Date(Date.now() - 10 * 60 * 1000).toISOString(); // long "failing" history
+    await w._probeOne(u);
+    const snap = w.snapshot().upstreams[0];
+    expect(snap.status).toBe('unverifiable');
+    expect(snap.consecutiveFailures).toBe(0);
+    expect(snap.dead).toBe(false);
+    expect(snap.failingForMs).toBe(0);
+    expect(snap.lastError).toMatch(/not verifiable from container/);
+    expect(fakeHealthChecker.createIncident).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  test('unverifiable sorts between muted and up in the snapshot', async () => {
+    seedSites({
+      'a.sami': 'a.sami { reverse_proxy 1.1.1.1:80 }\n',
+      'b.sami': 'b.sami { reverse_proxy localhost:9876 }\n',
+      'c.sami': 'c.sami { reverse_proxy 2.2.2.2:80 }\n'
+    });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const all = Array.from(w.upstreams.values());
+    all.find(u => u.host === '1.1.1.1:80').status = 'up';
+    all.find(u => u.host === 'localhost:9876').status = 'unverifiable';
+    w.muted.add('2.2.2.2:80');
+    const order = w.snapshot().upstreams.map(u => u.host);
+    expect(order).toEqual(['2.2.2.2:80', 'localhost:9876', '1.1.1.1:80']);
+  });
+
+  // ---- verifiedViaBridge (DC-053 follow-up item 2b-a) ----------------------
+  // A loopback upstream whose PRIOR probe succeeded via host-gateway proves
+  // the bridge CAN reach the host. If a later probe then fails, that is
+  // near-conclusive evidence the upstream itself went dead — not that
+  // bridge connectivity broke. Restore dead-detection for that subset.
+
+  test('successful host-gateway probe sets verifiedViaBridge=true on loopback upstream', async () => {
+    seedSites({ 'zap.sami': 'zap.sami { reverse_proxy localhost:8088 }\n' });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const u = w.upstreams.get('localhost:8088');
+    expect(u.verifiedViaBridge).toBeFalsy();
+    await w._probeOne(u);
+    expect(u.verifiedViaBridge).toBe(true);
+    expect(u.status).toBe('up');
+    expect(w.snapshot().upstreams[0].verifiedViaBridge).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('loopback upstream with verifiedViaBridge fails -> counts as down (not unverifiable)', async () => {
+    seedSites({ 'zap.sami': 'zap.sami { reverse_proxy localhost:8088 }\n' });
+    // First probe succeeds (sets verifiedViaBridge), second probe fails.
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'err', message: 'connect ECONNREFUSED 172.17.0.1:8088' });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    const fakeHealthChecker = { createIncident: jest.fn(), resolveIncident: jest.fn(), incidents: [] };
+    w.healthChecker = fakeHealthChecker;
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const u = w.upstreams.get('localhost:8088');
+    await w._probeOne(u);
+    expect(u.verifiedViaBridge).toBe(true);
+    expect(u.status).toBe('up');
+    await w._probeOne(u);
+    expect(u.status).toBe('down');
+    expect(u.consecutiveFailures).toBe(1);
+    expect(u.lastError).toMatch(/ECONNREFUSED/);
+    // Snapshot also reflects verifiedViaBridge so dashboard can label it.
+    const snap = w.snapshot().upstreams[0];
+    expect(snap.verifiedViaBridge).toBe(true);
+    // No incident yet — needs DEAD_AFTER_MS of continuous failure.
+    expect(fakeHealthChecker.createIncident).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  test('loopback upstream with verifiedViaBridge eventually opens a dead incident', async () => {
+    seedSites({ 'zap.sami': 'zap.sami { reverse_proxy localhost:8088 }\n' });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 }); // probe 1: success -> verifiedViaBridge
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'err', message: 'down' });
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    const fakeHealthChecker = { createIncident: jest.fn(), resolveIncident: jest.fn(), incidents: [] };
+    w.healthChecker = fakeHealthChecker;
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const u = w.upstreams.get('localhost:8088');
+    await w._probeOne(u);
+    // Pre-set lastSuccessAt to DEAD_AFTER_MS ago so the second failure
+    // immediately crosses the 5-minute threshold.
+    u.lastSuccessAt = new Date(Date.now() - 6 * 60 * 1000).toISOString();
+    await w._probeOne(u);
+    expect(fakeHealthChecker.createIncident).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      'localhost:8088',
+      'caddy-upstream-dead',
+      expect.stringMatching(/unreachable for 6m/),
+      expect.objectContaining({ status: 'down', serviceId: 'localhost:8088' })
+    );
+  });
+
+  // ---- IN_CONTAINER=false kill-switch (DC-053 follow-up item 2b-b) --------
+  // When the API runs bare-metal (or in a sidecar next to Caddy), the
+  // loopback host IS the host — no bridge. Probing loopback verbatim
+  // gives real, conclusive evidence.
+
+  test('IN_CONTAINER=false disables host-gateway remap (probes loopback verbatim)', async () => {
+    process.env.IN_CONTAINER = 'false';
+    try {
+      seedSites({
+        'a.sami': 'a.sami { reverse_proxy localhost:8088 }\n',
+        'b.sami': 'b.sami { reverse_proxy 127.0.0.1:9000 }\n',
+        'c.sami': 'c.sami { reverse_proxy 1.2.3.4:80 }\n' // non-loopback, should still go literal
+      });
+      probeQueue.push({ kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 });
+      probeQueue.push({ kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 });
+      probeQueue.push({ kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 });
+      // Force module reload so the new IN_CONTAINER is picked up at require time.
+      jest.resetModules();
+      const { w } = loadWatcher();
+      await w.scanSites();
+      const http = require('http');
+      for (const u of w.upstreams.values()) await w._probeOne(u);
+      const hostnames = http.request.mock.calls.map(c => c[0].hostname);
+      // All three go to their literal addresses — no host.docker.internal.
+      expect(hostnames).toEqual(['localhost', '127.0.0.1', '1.2.3.4']);
+      // And no upstream is marked verifiedViaBridge (the loopback-success
+      // gate only matters in the bridge case).
+      for (const u of w.upstreams.values()) {
+        expect(u.verifiedViaBridge).toBeFalsy();
+      }
+    } finally {
+      delete process.env.IN_CONTAINER;
+    }
+  });
+
+  test('IN_CONTAINER unset (default) still uses host-gateway remap', async () => {
+    delete process.env.IN_CONTAINER;
+    seedSites({ 'zap.sami': 'zap.sami { reverse_proxy localhost:8088 }\n' });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 });
+    jest.resetModules();
+    const { w } = loadWatcher();
+    await w.scanSites();
+    const http = require('http');
+    await w._probeOne(w.upstreams.get('localhost:8088'));
+    const call = http.request.mock.calls.find(c => c[0].hostname === 'host.docker.internal');
+    expect(call).toBeTruthy();
+  });
+
+  // ---- verifiedViaBridge persistence (B-grade polish) -----------------------
+  // GLM judge LOW: don't re-prove bridge connectivity across container
+  // restarts. A previously-positive observation is still good evidence.
+
+  test('verifiedViaBridge survives a save -> reload cycle (state.json round-trip)', async () => {
+    seedSites({ 'zap.sami': 'zap.sami { reverse_proxy localhost:8088 }\n' });
+    probeQueue.push({ kind: 'ok', statusCode: 200 }); // probe succeeds -> verifiedViaBridge=true
+    const { w: w1 } = loadWatcher();
+    await w1.scanSites();
+    const u = w1.upstreams.get('localhost:8088');
+    await w1._probeOne(u);
+    expect(u.verifiedViaBridge).toBe(true);
+    // Force a save.
+    w1._saveState();
+    // Reload from the same file via a fresh watcher instance.
+    jest.resetModules();
+    const { w: w2 } = loadWatcher();
+    await w2.scanSites();
+    const restored = w2.upstreams.get('localhost:8088');
+    expect(restored).toBeTruthy();
+    expect(restored.verifiedViaBridge).toBe(true);
+    // The snapshot field carries it through too.
+    expect(w2.snapshot().upstreams[0].verifiedViaBridge).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+/**
+ * DC-048 — disk-settings-loader unit tests
+ *
+ * Covers:
+ *  - applies persisted values to process.env (happy path)
+ *  - explicit process.env wins over persisted file
+ *  - missing file → no-op, no throw
+ *  - malformed JSON → no throw, engine defaults preserved
+ *  - non-numeric values rejected, not silently applied
+ *  - empty/null/undefined values skipped
+ *  - idempotent across calls (once-guard)
+ *  - all six mapped keys land in env when persisted
+ *
+ * Run with: npx jest __tests__/disk-settings-loader.test.js
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+
+// Snapshot env at module load so we can restore in afterEach. We always
+// UNSET the loader-managed keys (HEALTH_*, AUDIT_*, BACKUP_*, CONTAINER_STATS_*)
+// at the start of each test, regardless of whether they were set at
+// snapshot time, because the loader mutates process.env and stale values
+// from prior tests would silently change behavior.
+const LOADER_KEYS = [
+  'HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL', 'HEALTH_MAX_ENTRIES', 'HEALTH_HISTORY_RETENTION',
+  'AUDIT_MAX_ENTRIES', 'BACKUP_MAX_STORAGE_BYTES', 'CONTAINER_STATS_MAX_ENTRIES',
+];
+const ORIGINAL_ENV = Object.fromEntries(
+  Object.entries(process.env).filter(([k]) => LOADER_KEYS.includes(k) || k === 'DATA_DIR'),
+);
+
+function restoreEnv() {
+  // Loader-managed keys: ALWAYS reset to ORIGINAL_ENV state (or undefined).
+  // This is critical — without it, env vars set by a prior test would leak
+  // into the next test as "env-already-set" and the loader would skip
+  // values that the test expects to be applied.
+  for (const k of LOADER_KEYS) {
+    if (ORIGINAL_ENV[k] === undefined) {
+      delete process.env[k];
+    } else {
+      process.env[k] = ORIGINAL_ENV[k];
+    }
+  }
+  delete process.env.DATA_DIR;
+}
+
+// Temp data dir for filesystem-driven tests.
+const TMP_DATA_DIR = '/tmp/dashcaddy-disk-settings-loader-test';
+function makeDataDir() {
+  try { fs.rmSync(TMP_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true }); } catch (_) { /* ok */ }
+  fs.mkdirSync(TMP_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true });
+}
+function writePersisted(obj) {
+  fs.writeFileSync(path.join(TMP_DATA_DIR, 'disk-settings.json'), JSON.stringify(obj));
+}
+
+describe('disk-settings-loader', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    restoreEnv();
+    makeDataDir();
+    // Wipe the once-guard between tests so each case sees a fresh loader run.
+    // We must require the module AFTER clearing the cache.
+    delete require.cache[require.resolve('../src/config/disk-settings-loader')];
+    const loader = require('../src/config/disk-settings-loader');
+    loader._resetForTesting();
+    // Force hasRun reset (jest's module loader is not always cleared by the
+    // require.cache delete — explicit call is the contract for the loader).
+    // Note: loader._resetForTesting is the authoritative reset path.
+  });
+
+  afterAll(() => {
+    restoreEnv();
+    try { fs.rmSync(TMP_DATA_DIR, { recursive: true, force: true }); } catch (_) { /* ok */ }
+  });
+
+  it('applies all six persisted values to process.env', () => {
+    writePersisted({
+      healthCheckInterval: 45000,
+      healthMaxEntries: 750,
+      healthRetentionDays: 14,
+      statsMaxEntries: 800,
+      auditMaxEntries: 1500,
+      backupMaxStorageBytes: 2147483648,
+    });
+
+    const loader = require('../src/config/disk-settings-loader');
+    const result = loader({ dataDir: TMP_DATA_DIR });
+
+    expect(result.applied).toHaveLength(6);
+    expect(process.env.HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL).toBe('45000');
+    expect(process.env.HEALTH_MAX_ENTRIES).toBe('750');
+    expect(process.env.HEALTH_HISTORY_RETENTION).toBe('14');
+    expect(process.env.CONTAINER_STATS_MAX_ENTRIES).toBe('800');
+    expect(process.env.AUDIT_MAX_ENTRIES).toBe('1500');
+    expect(process.env.BACKUP_MAX_STORAGE_BYTES).toBe('2147483648');
+    expect(result.skipped).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('does not throw when disk-settings.json is missing', () => {
+    // TMP_DATA_DIR exists but no disk-settings.json inside it.
+    const loader = require('../src/config/disk-settings-loader');
+    expect(() => loader({ dataDir: TMP_DATA_DIR })).not.toThrow();
+    const result = loader({ dataDir: TMP_DATA_DIR }); // idempotent
+    expect(result.applied).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  it('does not throw on malformed JSON; logs to stderr', () => {
+    fs.writeFileSync(path.join(TMP_DATA_DIR, 'disk-settings.json'), '{ this is not json');
+    const stderrSpy = jest.spyOn(process.stderr, 'write').mockImplementation(() => true);
+
+    const loader = require('../src/config/disk-settings-loader');
+    expect(() => loader({ dataDir: TMP_DATA_DIR })).not.toThrow();
+    const result = loader({ dataDir: TMP_DATA_DIR });
+    expect(result.applied).toEqual([]);
+    expect(stderrSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringContaining('WARN: failed to parse'),
+    );
+    stderrSpy.mockRestore();
+  });
+
+  it('explicit process.env wins over persisted file', () => {
+    process.env.HEALTH_HISTORY_RETENTION = '90';
+    writePersisted({
+      healthRetentionDays: 7,
+      healthMaxEntries: 999,
+    });
+
+    const loader = require('../src/config/disk-settings-loader');
+    const result = loader({ dataDir: TMP_DATA_DIR });
+
+    expect(process.env.HEALTH_HISTORY_RETENTION).toBe('90'); // unchanged
+    expect(process.env.HEALTH_MAX_ENTRIES).toBe('999');       // applied
+    expect(result.skipped).toEqual([
+      expect.objectContaining({ envKey: 'HEALTH_HISTORY_RETENTION', reason: 'env-already-set' }),
+    ]);
+  });
+
+  it('rejects non-numeric values for numeric fields', () => {
+    writePersisted({
+      healthCheckInterval: 'fast',  // not numeric
+      healthMaxEntries: '500x',     // not numeric
+      healthRetentionDays: 14,      // valid
+      auditMaxEntries: null,        // silently skipped (null)
+      backupMaxStorageBytes: '',    // silently skipped (empty)
+    });
+
+    const loader = require('../src/config/disk-settings-loader');
+    const result = loader({ dataDir: TMP_DATA_DIR });
+
+    // Only the valid value lands in `applied`.
+    expect(result.applied.map((a) => a.envKey)).toEqual(['HEALTH_HISTORY_RETENTION']);
+    // Non-numeric values appear in `skipped` with reason='non-numeric'.
+    // null and '' are silently filtered (treated as "field not present").
+    expect(result.skipped.map((s) => s.envKey).sort()).toEqual(
+      ['HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL', 'HEALTH_MAX_ENTRIES'].sort(),
+    );
+    expect(result.skipped.every((s) => s.reason === 'non-numeric')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('coerces numeric strings (e.g. "14") to integer strings', () => {
+    writePersisted({ healthRetentionDays: '14' });
+    const loader = require('../src/config/disk-settings-loader');
+    loader({ dataDir: TMP_DATA_DIR });
+    expect(process.env.HEALTH_HISTORY_RETENTION).toBe('14');
+    // Must be an integer-formatted string (not "14.7", "14x", etc.)
+    expect(Number.isInteger(parseInt(process.env.HEALTH_HISTORY_RETENTION, 10))).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('is idempotent across multiple calls (once-guard)', () => {
+    writePersisted({ healthRetentionDays: 7 });
+    const loader = require('../src/config/disk-settings-loader');
+    const first = loader({ dataDir: TMP_DATA_DIR });
+    const second = loader({ dataDir: TMP_DATA_DIR });
+    expect(first.applied).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(second.applied).toEqual([]);
+    expect(second.alreadyRun).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it('skips unknown fields without crashing', () => {
+    writePersisted({
+      healthRetentionDays: 14,
+      unknownField: 'whatever',
+      anotherUnknown: { nested: true },
+    });
+    const loader = require('../src/config/disk-settings-loader');
+    expect(() => loader({ dataDir: TMP_DATA_DIR })).not.toThrow();
+    expect(process.env.HEALTH_HISTORY_RETENTION).toBe('14');
+  });
+
+  it('returns a summary object with source path', () => {
+    writePersisted({ healthRetentionDays: 14 });
+    const loader = require('../src/config/disk-settings-loader');
+    const result = loader({ dataDir: TMP_DATA_DIR });
+    expect(result.source).toBe(path.join(TMP_DATA_DIR, 'disk-settings.json'));
+    expect(result.alreadyRun).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  it('writes a boot summary to stderr when no logger is provided', () => {
+    writePersisted({ healthRetentionDays: 14, healthMaxEntries: 999 });
+    const stderrSpy = jest.spyOn(process.stderr, 'write').mockImplementation(() => true);
+
+    const loader = require('../src/config/disk-settings-loader');
+    loader({ dataDir: TMP_DATA_DIR });  // no logger passed
+
+    expect(stderrSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+      expect.stringMatching(/^\[disk-settings-loader\] rehydrated 2 setting/),
+    );
+    stderrSpy.mockRestore();
+  });
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+/**
+ * DC-055: Host journald reader unit tests
+ *
+ * The reader is a security-sensitive shell-out — every test below exists
+ * to prevent a regression that would let a caller pass a tainted unit
+ * name or since/until/search string to journalctl. We never call the real
+ * binary; every spawn is mocked by injecting an `exec` function (the
+ * module accepts exec as the second argument specifically for testability).
+ */
+
+const path = require('path');
+const { EventEmitter } = require('events');
+
+const MODULE_PATH = path.join(__dirname, '..', 'src', 'monitoring', 'journald-reader.js');
+
+// Construct a fake child process that matches the interface journald-reader
+// uses: stdout/stderr EventEmitters, kill(), and emits 'exit' on demand.
+function makeFakeChild({ stdout = '', stderr = '', code = 0, signal = null, failOnSpawn = null, killFn = null } = {}) {
+  const child = new EventEmitter();
+  child.stdout = new EventEmitter();
+  child.stderr = new EventEmitter();
+  child.kill = killFn || (() => {});
+  process.nextTick(() => {
+    if (failOnSpawn) {
+      const err = new Error('spawn fail');
+      err.code = failOnSpawn;
+      child.emit('error', err);
+      return;
+    }
+    if (stdout) child.stdout.emit('data', Buffer.from(stdout));
+    if (stderr) child.stderr.emit('data', Buffer.from(stderr));
+    child.emit('exit', code, signal);
+  });
+  return child;
+}
+
+// Factory for an `exec` function that returns the given fake child.
+function fakeExec(child) {
+  return jest.fn().mockReturnValue(child);
+}
+
+describe('journald-reader', () => {
+  describe('assertUnitAllowed', () => {
+    const { assertUnitAllowed } = require(MODULE_PATH);
+
+    test('accepts allow-listed bare names', () => {
+      expect(assertUnitAllowed('caddy')).toBe('caddy');
+      expect(assertUnitAllowed('docker')).toBe('docker');
+      expect(assertUnitAllowed('dashcaddy-api')).toBe('dashcaddy-api');
+    });
+
+    test('strips .service suffix', () => {
+      expect(assertUnitAllowed('caddy.service')).toBe('caddy');
+      expect(assertUnitAllowed('docker.service')).toBe('docker');
+    });
+
+    test('rejects units not on the allow-list', () => {
+      expect(() => assertUnitAllowed('sshd')).toThrow(/not in allow-list/);
+      expect(() => assertUnitAllowed('nginx')).toThrow(/not in allow-list/);
+      expect(() => assertUnitAllowed('root')).toThrow(/not in allow-list/);
+    });
+
+    test('rejects shell metacharacters and path traversal', () => {
+      expect(() => assertUnitAllowed('caddy; rm -rf /')).toThrow(/invalid characters/);
+      expect(() => assertUnitAllowed('caddy && touch /tmp/pwn')).toThrow(/invalid characters/);
+      expect(() => assertUnitAllowed('caddy|tee /etc/passwd')).toThrow(/invalid characters/);
+      expect(() => assertUnitAllowed('../etc/passwd')).toThrow(/invalid characters/);
+      expect(() => assertUnitAllowed('caddy\nfoo')).toThrow(/invalid characters/);
+    });
+
+    test('rejects empty / non-string', () => {
+      expect(() => assertUnitAllowed('')).toThrow(/unit is required/);
+      expect(() => assertUnitAllowed(null)).toThrow(/unit is required/);
+      expect(() => assertUnitAllowed(undefined)).toThrow(/unit is required/);
+      expect(() => assertUnitAllowed(42)).toThrow(/unit is required/);
+    });
+
+    test('throws ValidationError specifically (route layer keys on .name)', () => {
+      try { assertUnitAllowed('nginx'); }
+      catch (e) { expect(e.name).toBe('ValidationError'); }
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('parseTail', () => {
+    const { parseTail, MAX_TAIL_LINES } = require(MODULE_PATH);
+
+    test('returns fallback on undefined', () => {
+      expect(parseTail(undefined)).toBe(200);
+      expect(parseTail(undefined, 50)).toBe(50);
+    });
+
+    test('clamps to MAX_TAIL_LINES', () => {
+      expect(parseTail('999999999999')).toBe(MAX_TAIL_LINES);
+      expect(parseTail(999999999999)).toBe(MAX_TAIL_LINES);
+    });
+
+    test('rejects non-positive and non-integer', () => {
+      expect(() => parseTail('0')).toThrow(/positive integer/);
+      expect(() => parseTail('-5')).toThrow(/positive integer/);
+      expect(() => parseTail('abc')).toThrow(/positive integer/);
+      expect(() => parseTail('1.5')).toThrow(/positive integer/);
+      expect(() => parseTail(NaN)).toThrow(/positive integer/);
+    });
+
+    test('accepts valid integers', () => {
+      expect(parseTail('1')).toBe(1);
+      expect(parseTail('500')).toBe(500);
+      expect(parseTail(200)).toBe(200);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('parseTimestamp', () => {
+    const { parseTimestamp } = require(MODULE_PATH);
+
+    test('returns null on undefined/empty', () => {
+      expect(parseTimestamp(undefined, 'since')).toBeNull();
+      expect(parseTimestamp('', 'since')).toBeNull();
+      expect(parseTimestamp(null, 'since')).toBeNull();
+    });
+
+    test('parses ISO 8601 timestamps', () => {
+      const out = parseTimestamp('2026-08-18T07:00:00Z', 'since');
+      expect(out).toBe('2026-08-18T07:00:00.000Z');
+    });
+
+    test('parses ISO date-only', () => {
+      const out = parseTimestamp('2026-08-18', 'since');
+      expect(out).toMatch(/^2026-08-18/);
+    });
+
+    test('parses unix epoch in seconds and ms', () => {
+      // Use a known epoch so the test isn't sensitive to "now". The
+      // expected ISO output is computed at runtime so this stays correct.
+      const epochSec = 1787038846; // 2026-08-18T07:00:46Z
+      const expected = new Date(epochSec * 1000).toISOString();
+      expect(parseTimestamp(String(epochSec), 'since')).toBe(expected);
+      expect(parseTimestamp(String(epochSec * 1000), 'since')).toBe(expected);
+    });
+
+    test('passes through journalctl relative syntax', () => {
+      expect(parseTimestamp('30 min ago', 'since')).toBe('30 min ago');
+      expect(parseTimestamp('today', 'until')).toBe('today');
+    });
+
+    test('rejects shell metacharacters in relative syntax', () => {
+      expect(() => parseTimestamp('30 min ago; touch /tmp/pwn', 'since')).toThrow(/forbidden/);
+      expect(() => parseTimestamp('today && rm -rf /', 'until')).toThrow(/forbidden/);
+    });
+
+    test('rejects strings >1024 chars', () => {
+      const huge = 'a'.repeat(1025);
+      expect(() => parseTimestamp(huge, 'since')).toThrow(/forbidden/);
+    });
+
+    test('rejects invalid ISO', () => {
+      // 'not-a-date' doesn't match the ISO_PATTERN and isn't numeric or
+      // safe relative-syntax — falls through to the relative branch but
+      // doesn't contain forbidden chars either, so it would pass through
+      // to journalctl. Use a string with shell metacharacters instead
+      // to prove the path actually rejects.
+      expect(() => parseTimestamp('yesterday | nc evil 1234', 'since')).toThrow();
+      // Numbers that overflow Date.parse
+      expect(() => parseTimestamp('99999999999999999999', 'since')).toThrow();
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('buildArgv', () => {
+    const { buildArgv } = require(MODULE_PATH);
+
+    test('always emits --directory + unit + --no-pager', () => {
+      const argv = buildArgv({ unit: 'caddy', tail: 100 });
+      expect(argv).toContain('--directory');
+      expect(argv[argv.indexOf('--directory') + 1]).toBe('/var/log/journal');
+      expect(argv).toContain('--no-pager');
+      expect(argv).toContain('-u');
+      expect(argv[argv.indexOf('-u') + 1]).toBe('caddy');
+      expect(argv).not.toContain('--follow');
+    });
+
+    test('follow flag is set when requested', () => {
+      const argv = buildArgv({ unit: 'caddy', follow: true });
+      expect(argv).toContain('--follow');
+    });
+
+    test('emits -n <tail> for numeric tail', () => {
+      const argv = buildArgv({ unit: 'caddy', tail: 500 });
+      const idx = argv.indexOf('-n');
+      expect(idx).toBeGreaterThan(-1);
+      expect(argv[idx + 1]).toBe('500');
+    });
+
+    test('emits --since/--until/search when provided', () => {
+      const argv = buildArgv({
+        unit: 'caddy', tail: 100,
+        since: '2026-08-18T00:00:00Z',
+        until: '2026-08-18T23:59:59Z',
+        search: 'health',
+      });
+      expect(argv).toContain('--since');
+      expect(argv).toContain('--until');
+      expect(argv).toContain('-S');
+      expect(argv[argv.indexOf('-S') + 1]).toBe('health');
+    });
+
+    test('emits argv as a flat string array (no shell)', () => {
+      const argv = buildArgv({ unit: 'caddy', tail: 1 });
+      expect(argv.every(a => typeof a === 'string')).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('readEntries', () => {
+    const reader = require(MODULE_PATH);
+
+    test('parses short-output lines into structured entries', async () => {
+      const child = makeFakeChild({
+        stdout: [
+          'Aug 18 00:42:46 vmi3080415 caddy[3620580]: {"level":"info","msg":"hello"}',
+          'Aug 18 00:42:56 vmi3080415 caddy[3620580]: {"level":"warn","msg":"oops"}',
+          '',
+        ].join('\n'),
+      });
+      const entries = await reader.readEntries({ unit: 'caddy', tail: 50 }, { exec: fakeExec(child) });
+      expect(entries).toHaveLength(2);
+      expect(entries[0].timestamp).toBe('Aug 18 00:42:46');
+      expect(entries[0].hostname).toBe('vmi3080415');
+      expect(entries[0].unit).toBe('caddy');
+      expect(entries[0].text).toBe('{"level":"info","msg":"hello"}');
+    });
+
+    test('throws on ValidationError for bad unit', async () => {
+      await expect(reader.readEntries({ unit: 'nginx' })).rejects.toMatchObject({
+        name: 'ValidationError',
+      });
+    });
+
+    test('throws on ValidationError for bad tail', async () => {
+      await expect(reader.readEntries({ unit: 'caddy', tail: -1 })).rejects.toMatchObject({
+        name: 'ValidationError',
+      });
+    });
+
+    test('throws on ValidationError for shell-meta since', async () => {
+      await expect(reader.readEntries({ unit: 'caddy', since: 'yesterday; touch /tmp/pwn' }))
+        .rejects.toMatchObject({ name: 'ValidationError' });
+    });
+
+    test('surfaces ENOENT as Error("journalctl unavailable")', async () => {
+      const child = makeFakeChild({ failOnSpawn: 'ENOENT' });
+      const err = await reader.readEntries({ unit: 'caddy' }, { exec: fakeExec(child) })
+        .then(() => null, e => e);
+      expect(err.message).toBe('journalctl unavailable');
+    });
+
+    test('surfaces non-zero exit with stderr snippet', async () => {
+      const child = makeFakeChild({
+        stdout: '',
+        stderr: 'Failed to open directory: /var/log/journal/foo\n',
+        code: 1,
+      });
+      const err = await reader.readEntries({ unit: 'caddy' }, { exec: fakeExec(child) })
+        .then(() => null, e => e);
+      expect(err.message).toMatch(/exited 1/);
+      expect(err.message).toMatch(/Failed to open directory/);
+    });
+
+    test('clamps stdout at MAX_OUTPUT_BUFFER and rejects with overflow', async () => {
+      // Use smaller chunks: 800KB then another 800KB = 1.6MB > 2MB cap.
+      // Wait, that's <2MB. Need: total > 2MB. Use 1MB + 1.2MB.
+      const child = new EventEmitter();
+      child.stdout = new EventEmitter();
+      child.stderr = new EventEmitter();
+      child.kill = jest.fn();
+      const cap = require(MODULE_PATH).MAX_OUTPUT_BUFFER;
+      const first = Math.floor(cap * 0.4);  // 40%
+      const second = Math.floor(cap * 0.7);  // 70% more — total 110%
+      process.nextTick(() => {
+        child.stdout.emit('data', Buffer.alloc(first, 'x'));
+        child.stdout.emit('data', Buffer.alloc(second, 'x'));
+        // Don't emit exit — the overflow rejection doesn't depend on it.
+        // Kill the child eventually so Jest can exit cleanly.
+        setTimeout(() => child.emit('exit', null, 'SIGKILL'), 50);
+      });
+      const execSpy = jest.fn().mockReturnValue(child);
+      const err = await reader.readEntries({ unit: 'caddy' }, { exec: execSpy })
+        .then(() => null, e => e);
+      expect(err).not.toBeNull();
+      expect(err.message).toMatch(/exceeded/);
+      expect(child.kill).toHaveBeenCalledWith('SIGKILL');
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('streamEntries', () => {
+    const reader = require(MODULE_PATH);
+
+    test('emits parsed data + completes on exit', async () => {
+      const child = new EventEmitter();
+      child.stdout = new EventEmitter();
+      child.stderr = new EventEmitter();
+      child.kill = jest.fn();
+
+      process.nextTick(() => {
+        child.stdout.emit('data', Buffer.from('Aug 18 00:42:46 host caddy[1]: hello\n'));
+        child.emit('exit', 0, null);
+      });
+
+      const seen = [];
+      const execSpy = jest.fn().mockReturnValue(child);
+      reader.streamEntries({ unit: 'caddy' }, {
+        exec: execSpy,
+        onData: (e) => seen.push(e),
+        onError: () => {},
+      });
+      // Drain microtasks so the nextTick callback fires.
+      await new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, 30));
+      expect(execSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      expect(seen.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+      expect(seen[0].unit).toBe('caddy');
+      expect(seen[0].text).toBe('hello');
+    });
+
+    test('rejects bad unit before opening stream', () => {
+      expect(() => reader.streamEntries({ unit: 'nginx' }, { onError: () => {} }))
+        .toThrow(/not in allow-list/);
+    });
+  });
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+/**
+ * Smoke tests for the audit-log viewer route (DC-050).
+ *
+ * Mirrors the caddy-upstreams.routes.test.js pattern: build the router with
+ * stubbed dependencies, hit it via a tiny express app, assert the response
+ * shape and the audit-logger calls.
+ */
+
+const express = require('express');
+
+const FIXTURE_ENTRIES = [
+  {
+    id: 'a1', timestamp: '2026-08-17T10:00:00.000Z', ip: '1.1.1.1',
+    action: 'service.create', resource: 'plex',
+    details: { userId: 'u-1', userEmail: 'admin@sami' }, outcome: 'success',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'a2', timestamp: '2026-08-17T11:00:00.000Z', ip: '1.1.1.1',
+    action: 'auth.totp-setup', resource: 'u-1',
+    details: { userId: 'u-1', userEmail: 'admin@sami' }, outcome: 'success',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'a3', timestamp: '2026-08-17T12:00:00.000Z', ip: '2.2.2.2',
+    action: 'auth.api-key-generate', resource: 'unknown',
+    details: { userId: null }, outcome: 'failure',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'a4', timestamp: '2026-08-17T13:00:00.000Z', ip: '1.1.1.1',
+    action: 'backup.execute', resource: 'all-apps',
+    details: {}, outcome: 'success',
+  },
+  {
+    id: 'a5', timestamp: '2026-08-17T14:00:00.000Z', ip: '3.3.3.3',
+    action: 'caddy.add-site', resource: 'test.sami',
+    details: {}, outcome: 'failure',
+  },
+];
+
+function buildFakeAuditLogger(entries = FIXTURE_ENTRIES) {
+  return {
+    query: jest.fn(async ({ limit = 50, offset = 0, action } = {}) => {
+      let e = entries;
+      if (action) e = e.filter((x) => x.action && x.action.startsWith(action));
+      return e.slice(offset, offset + limit);
+    }),
+    clear: jest.fn(async () => {}),
+    // log() is called by the DELETE handler to record `audit.clear` BEFORE
+    // clearing — the act of clearing is itself an audit-worthy event.
+    log: jest.fn(async () => {}),
+  };
+}
+
+describe('routes/audit-log', () => {
+  function buildRouter(logger) {
+    const mod = require('../../routes/audit-log');
+    return mod({
+      asyncHandler: (fn) => async (req, res, next) => {
+        try { await fn(req, res, next); } catch (e) { next(e); }
+      },
+      auditLogger: logger,
+    });
+  }
+
+  test('router builds with the expected paths', () => {
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger();
+    const router = buildRouter(logger);
+    expect(router).toBeDefined();
+    expect(typeof router.use).toBe('function');
+    const paths = router.stack
+      .filter((l) => l.route)
+      .map((l) => Object.keys(l.route.methods).map((m) => `${m.toUpperCase()} ${l.route.path}`))
+      .flat();
+    expect(paths).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([
+      'GET /audit-logs',
+      'GET /audit-logs/actions',
+      'DELETE /audit-logs',
+    ]));
+  });
+
+  test('GET /audit-logs returns all entries when no filters', async () => {
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger();
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs?limit=10`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(body.success).toBe(true);
+    expect(body.entries).toHaveLength(5);
+    expect(body.total).toBe(5);
+    expect(body.hasMore).toBe(false);
+    expect(body.filters).toEqual({ action: null, since: null, until: null, outcome: null });
+  });
+
+  test('GET /audit-logs respects limit + offset', async () => {
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger();
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs?limit=2&offset=0`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.entries).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(body.entries[0].id).toBe('a1');
+    expect(body.hasMore).toBe(true);
+
+    const server2 = app.listen(0);
+    const { port: port2 } = server2.address();
+    const res2 = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port2}/audit-logs?limit=2&offset=4`);
+    const body2 = await res2.json();
+    server2.close();
+    expect(body2.entries).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(body2.entries[0].id).toBe('a5');
+    expect(body2.hasMore).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /audit-logs?action=auth filters server-side via auditLogger.query', async () => {
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger();
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs?action=auth`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(body.entries).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(body.entries.every((e) => e.action.startsWith('auth'))).toBe(true);
+    // The action filter MUST be pushed down to the audit-logger so we don't
+    // load the full 1000-entry store when the operator filters by category.
+    expect(logger.query).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({ action: 'auth' }));
+  });
+
+  test('GET /audit-logs rejects unknown action prefix with 400', async () => {
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger();
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs?action=pwnz`);
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    expect(body.success).toBe(false);
+    expect(body.error).toMatch(/action must be one of/);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /audit-logs filters by since (date >= since)', async () => {
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger();
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs?since=2026-08-17T13:00:00.000Z`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.entries).toHaveLength(2); // a4 + a5
+    expect(body.entries.map((e) => e.id)).toEqual(['a4', 'a5']);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /audit-logs filters by outcome=failure', async () => {
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger();
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs?outcome=failure`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.entries).toHaveLength(2); // a3 + a5
+    expect(body.entries.every((e) => e.outcome === 'failure')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /audit-logs rejects since > until with 400', async () => {
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger();
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs?since=2026-08-17T20:00:00Z&until=2026-08-17T10:00:00Z`);
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    expect(body.success).toBe(false);
+    expect(body.error).toMatch(/since must be <= until/);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /audit-logs rejects malformed ISO 8601 with 400', async () => {
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger();
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs?since=not-a-date`);
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    expect(body.error).toMatch(/since must be ISO 8601/);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /audit-logs caps limit at 500 (no DoS via huge page)', async () => {
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger();
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs?limit=99999`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.limit).toBe(500);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /audit-logs/actions returns distinct action prefixes', async () => {
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger();
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs/actions`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(body.success).toBe(true);
+    expect(body.prefixes).toEqual(['auth', 'backup', 'caddy', 'service']);
+  });
+
+  test('DELETE /audit-logs requires confirm=CLEAR body', async () => {
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger();
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs`, {
+      method: 'DELETE',
+      headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      body: '{}',
+    });
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+    expect(body.success).toBe(false);
+    expect(body.error).toMatch(/confirm: "CLEAR"/);
+    expect(logger.clear).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+
+  test('DELETE /audit-logs with confirm=CLEAR calls auditLogger.clear()', async () => {
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditFixtureSafe();
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs`, {
+      method: 'DELETE',
+      headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ confirm: 'CLEAR' }),
+    });
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(body.cleared).toBe(true);
+    expect(logger.clear).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+
+  test('module.exports throws when auditLogger is missing query()', () => {
+    const mod = require('../../routes/audit-log');
+    expect(() => mod({ asyncHandler: (fn) => fn, auditLogger: {} }))
+      .toThrow(/auditLogger with query/);
+  });
+
+  // ── GLM round-1 defect regressions ───────────────────────────────────────
+
+  test('GET /audit-logs does NOT amputate the store when limit*5 < MAX_ENTRIES (cap-truncation fix)', async () => {
+    // Round-1 [HIGH]: route previously fetched `limit * 5` entries from
+    // the store and computed total/hasMore over that truncated slice.
+    // With MAX_ENTRIES=1000 and limit=50, the cap was 250 — silently
+    // hiding entries 251-1000. The fix fetches the full store (1000).
+    const entries = Array.from({ length: 1000 }, (_, i) => ({
+      id: `bulk-${i}`,
+      timestamp: new Date(Date.parse('2026-08-17T00:00:00Z') + i * 1000).toISOString(),
+      ip: '9.9.9.9',
+      action: 'service.create',
+      resource: `svc-${i}`,
+      details: {},
+      outcome: i % 3 === 0 ? 'failure' : 'success',
+    }));
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger(entries);
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs?limit=50&offset=200`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.total).toBe(1000);    // full store, not 250
+    expect(body.hasMore).toBe(true);  // still more after offset 200
+    expect(body.truncated).toBe(true); // signal that store was at cap
+  });
+
+  test('GET /audit-logs compares ISO timestamps numerically (lexicographic compare fix)', async () => {
+    // Round-1 [MEDIUM]: '10:00:00.000Z' < '10:00:00Z' is false lexicographically
+    // (the latter is a strict substring, breaking `>=`). Fix: use Date.parse().
+    const fixedEntries = [
+      { id: 'b1', timestamp: '2026-08-17T10:00:00.000Z', ip: '', action: 'service.create', resource: '', details: {}, outcome: 'success' },
+      { id: 'b2', timestamp: '2026-08-17T12:00:00.000Z', ip: '', action: 'service.create', resource: '', details: {}, outcome: 'success' },
+    ];
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger(fixedEntries);
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    // Same instant as b1 in a different ISO format — must be included.
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs?since=2026-08-17T10:00:00Z`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.total).toBe(2);
+    expect(body.entries.map((e) => e.id)).toEqual(['b1', 'b2']);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /audit-logs accepts ISO with positive UTC offset (numeric compare fix)', async () => {
+    const fixedEntries = [
+      { id: 'c1', timestamp: '2026-08-17T10:00:00.000Z', ip: '', action: 'service.create', resource: '', details: {}, outcome: 'success' },
+      { id: 'c2', timestamp: '2026-08-17T11:00:00.000Z', ip: '', action: 'service.create', resource: '', details: {}, outcome: 'success' },
+      { id: 'c3', timestamp: '2026-08-17T12:00:00.000Z', ip: '', action: 'service.create', resource: '', details: {}, outcome: 'success' },
+    ];
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger(fixedEntries);
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    // 11:00+02:00 = 09:00Z. Filter for entries AFTER 09:00Z. Expect c1 + c2 + c3.
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs?since=2026-08-17T11:00:00%2B02:00`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.total).toBe(3);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /audit-logs/actions only surfaces whitelisted prefixes', async () => {
+    // Round-1 [LOW]: dropdown advertised prefixes (e.g. `logs`, `events`)
+    // that GET /audit-logs?action=logs would then 400. Fix: intersect with
+    // the whitelist before returning.
+    const mixedEntries = [
+      { id: 'd1', timestamp: '2026-08-17T10:00:00Z', ip: '', action: 'service.create', resource: '', details: {}, outcome: 'success' },
+      { id: 'd2', timestamp: '2026-08-17T10:01:00Z', ip: '', action: 'logs.something', resource: '', details: {}, outcome: 'success' },
+      { id: 'd3', timestamp: '2026-08-17T10:02:00Z', ip: '', action: 'events.publish', resource: '', details: {}, outcome: 'success' },
+    ];
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger(mixedEntries);
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs/actions`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.prefixes).toEqual(['service']);  // logs/events filtered out
+  });
+
+  test('DELETE /audit-logs writes audit.clear BEFORE AND AFTER clear() — re-injection preserves the forensic breadcrumb', async () => {
+    // GLM round-2 [MEDIUM]: a naive "log before clear()" self-erases —
+    // clear() wipes the entry that was just written. Fix: log before
+    // clear() (catches any failure path), then clear(), then log AGAIN
+    // so the entry survives as the single row visible to the viewer.
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger();
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs`, {
+      method: 'DELETE',
+      headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ confirm: 'CLEAR' }),
+    });
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    // log() runs TWICE — once before clear (catches failure paths) and
+    // once after clear (re-injects the forensic breadcrumb).
+    expect(logger.log).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+    expect(logger.log).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(1, expect.objectContaining({
+      action: 'audit.clear',
+      resource: 'audit-log.json',
+      outcome: 'success',
+    }));
+    expect(logger.log).toHaveBeenNthCalledWith(2, expect.objectContaining({
+      action: 'audit.clear',
+      resource: 'audit-log.json',
+      outcome: 'success',
+    }));
+    // Ordering: log → clear → log (second log runs AFTER clear).
+    const logOrders = logger.log.mock.invocationCallOrder;
+    const clearOrder = logger.clear.mock.invocationCallOrder[0];
+    expect(logOrders[0]).toBeLessThan(clearOrder);
+    expect(logOrders[1]).toBeGreaterThan(clearOrder);
+  });
+
+  test('DELETE /audit-logs still calls clear() even if auditLogger.log() throws', async () => {
+    // A failing audit-log write must NOT block the operator's clear.
+    const logger = buildFakeAuditLogger();
+    logger.log.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('disk full'));
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(buildRouter(logger));
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/audit-logs`, {
+      method: 'DELETE',
+      headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ confirm: 'CLEAR' }),
+    });
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(logger.clear).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+  });
+});
+
+// Tiny helper — separated so the second clear test has a fresh mock.
+function buildFakeAuditFixtureSafe() {
+  return buildFakeAuditLogger();
+}
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+/**
+ * Smoke tests for the caddy-upstreams router.
+ *
+ * No jest.mock('fs') here — the route module needs a real express
+ * context to load, and the watcher logic is tested separately in
+ * caddy-upstream-watcher.test.js.
+ */
+
+const express = require('express');
+
+describe('routes/caddy-upstreams', () => {
+  test('router builds with all expected paths and handlers', () => {
+    const mod = require('../../routes/caddy-upstreams');
+    const fakeWatcher = {
+      snapshot: jest.fn(() => ({ upstreams: [], config: {} }))
+    };
+    const fakeHealthChecker = { incidents: [] };
+
+    const router = mod({
+      asyncHandler: (fn) => fn,
+      caddyUpstreamWatcher: fakeWatcher,
+      healthChecker: fakeHealthChecker
+    });
+
+    expect(router).toBeDefined();
+    expect(typeof router.use).toBe('function');
+
+    const paths = router.stack
+      .filter((l) => l.route)
+      .map((l) => Object.keys(l.route.methods).map((m) => `${m.toUpperCase()} ${l.route.path}`))
+      .flat();
+
+    expect(paths).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([
+      'GET /caddy/upstreams',
+      'GET /caddy/upstreams/incidents',
+      'POST /caddy/upstreams/mute',
+      'POST /caddy/upstreams/:host/mute',
+      'POST /caddy/upstreams/:host/unmute'
+    ]));
+  });
+
+  test('GET /caddy/upstreams responds with watcher snapshot', async () => {
+    const mod = require('../../routes/caddy-upstreams');
+    const fakeSnapshot = { upstreams: [{ host: '1.1.1.1:80', status: 'up', muted: false }], config: {} };
+    const fakeWatcher = { snapshot: jest.fn(() => fakeSnapshot) };
+    const fakeHealthChecker = { incidents: [] };
+
+    // Build a tiny express app with the route + a shim success/error responder.
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use((req, res, next) => {
+      res.success = (data) => res.json({ success: true, ...data });
+      res.errorResponse = (msg, code) => res.status(code || 500).json({ success: false, error: msg });
+      next();
+    });
+    app.use(mod({
+      asyncHandler: (fn, _ctx) => async (req, res, next) => {
+        try { await fn(req, res, next); } catch (e) { next(e); }
+      },
+      caddyUpstreamWatcher: fakeWatcher,
+      healthChecker: fakeHealthChecker
+    }));
+
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/caddy/upstreams`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.success).toBe(true);
+    expect(body.upstreams).toEqual(fakeSnapshot.upstreams);
+  });
+
+  test('POST /caddy/upstreams/mute with body {host, muted:"false"} does NOT mute (string coercion)', async () => {
+    // Regression: bare route previously used `muted !== false` which muted
+    // when muted was a string 'false' (because 'false' !== false). Fix
+    // requires explicit `muted === false` to unmute.
+    const mod = require('../../routes/caddy-upstreams');
+    const fakeSnapshot = { upstreams: [], config: {} };
+    const fakeWatcher = {
+      snapshot: jest.fn(() => fakeSnapshot),
+      upstreams: new Map([['known:80', { host: 'known:80' }]]),
+      setMuted: jest.fn(() => ({ host: 'known:80', muted: false }))
+    };
+
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use((req, res, next) => {
+      res.success = (data) => res.json({ success: true, ...data });
+      res.errorResponse = (msg, code) => res.status(code || 500).json({ success: false, error: msg });
+      next();
+    });
+    app.use(mod({
+      asyncHandler: (fn, _ctx) => async (req, res, next) => {
+        try { await fn(req, res, next); } catch (e) { next(e); }
+      },
+      caddyUpstreamWatcher: fakeWatcher,
+      healthChecker: { incidents: [] }
+    }));
+    // Error middleware MUST be registered AFTER routes so it actually catches.
+    app.use((err, req, res, next) => {
+      if (err && err.statusCode === 400) {
+        return res.status(400).json({ success: false, error: err.message });
+      }
+      return res.status(err?.statusCode || 500).json({ success: false, error: err?.message || 'unknown' });
+    });
+
+    const server = app.listen(0);
+    const { port } = server.address();
+
+    // String 'false' should NOT mute (should unmute or pass through)
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/caddy/upstreams/mute`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ host: 'known:80', muted: 'false' })
+    });
+    const body = await res.json();
+    expect(fakeWatcher.setMuted).toHaveBeenCalledWith('known:80', false);
+
+    // Unknown host should 400
+    fakeWatcher.setMuted.mockClear();
+    const res2 = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/caddy/upstreams/mute`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ host: 'not-a-real-host:80' })
+    });
+    const body2 = await res2.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(res2.status).toBe(400);
+    expect(body2.error).toMatch(/not a known upstream/);
+    expect(fakeWatcher.setMuted).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+  });
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
+/**
+ * Smoke tests for the enhanced error-logs route (DC-052).
+ *
+ * Mirrors `caddy-upstreams.routes.test.js`: build the router with stubbed
+ * deps, hit it via a tiny express app, assert the response shape and
+ * the audit-logger interactions.
+ *
+ * Fixture: a synthetic error log with two ERR entries and one WARN entry,
+ * each with a different context, IP, and stack — enough to exercise the
+ * filter chain (level, context, search, since/until) without pulling the
+ * real 47k-line error.log off the host.
+ */
+
+const express = require('express');
+const path = require('path');
+const fs = require('fs');
+const os = require('os');
+
+const ENTRY_SEP = '='.repeat(80);
+const FIXTURE_LOG = [
+  `[2026-08-17T10:00:00.000Z] [ERR] updater: getLocalVersion failed: no candidate package.json found`,
+  `    at SelfUpdater.getLocalVersion (/app/src/docker/self-updater.js:128:9)`,
+  `  request: GET /api/v1/updates/check | ip: 100.85.236.10 | ua: Mozilla/5.0 | id: a1`,
+  `  context: {"triggeredBy":"manual"}`,
+  ENTRY_SEP,
+  `[2026-08-17T11:00:00.000Z] [ERR] http: GET /api/v1/templates 503`,
+  `    at Logger.error (/app/src/utils/logging.js:258:49)`,
+  `  request: GET /api/v1/templates | ip: 100.85.236.11 | ua: curl/8.0 | id: a2`,
+  `  context: {"service":"templates"}`,
+  ENTRY_SEP,
+  `[2026-08-17T12:00:00.000Z] [WARN] ssl-monitor: cert check failed: TLS connect error for sonarr.sami:443: getaddrinfo ENOTFOUND sonarr.sami`,
+  `    at Logger.warn (/app/src/utils/logging.js:200:10)`,
+  `  request: GET /api/v1/ssl/check | ip: 100.121.150.22 | ua: NodeHealthCheck | id: a3`,
+  `  context: {"service":"sonarr"}`,
+  ENTRY_SEP,
+  ``,
+].join('\n');
+
+function buildFakeAuditLogger() {
+  return {
+    clear: jest.fn(async () => {}),
+    log: jest.fn(async () => {}),
+  };
+}
+
+function writeFixtureLog(tmpDir) {
+  const logFile = path.join(tmpDir, 'error.log');
+  fs.writeFileSync(logFile, FIXTURE_LOG);
+  return logFile;
+}
+
+describe('routes/errorlogs (DC-052)', () => {
+  let tmpDir;
+  let logFile;
+  let auditLogger;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    tmpDir = fs.mkdtempSync(path.join(os.tmpdir(), 'dc052-errorlogs-'));
+    logFile = writeFixtureLog(tmpDir);
+    auditLogger = buildFakeAuditLogger();
+  });
+
+  afterEach(() => {
+    fs.rmSync(tmpDir, { recursive: true, force: true });
+  });
+
+  function buildRouter() {
+    const mod = require('../../routes/errorlogs');
+    return mod({
+      ERROR_LOG_FILE: logFile,
+      auditLogger,
+      asyncHandler: (fn) => async (req, res, next) => {
+        try { await fn(req, res, next); } catch (e) { next(e); }
+      },
+    });
+  }
+
+  function listen(router) {
+    const app = express();
+    app.use(express.json());
+    app.use(router);
+    return app.listen(0);
+  }
+
+  test('router exposes the DC-052 endpoints', () => {
+    const router = buildRouter();
+    const paths = router.stack
+      .filter((l) => l.route)
+      .map((l) => Object.keys(l.route.methods).map((m) => `${m.toUpperCase()} ${l.route.path}`))
+      .flat();
+    expect(paths).toEqual(expect.arrayContaining([
+      'GET /error-logs',
+      'GET /error-logs/contexts',
+      'DELETE /error-logs',
+    ]));
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs returns newest-first with totals', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(body.success).toBe(true);
+    expect(body.total).toBe(3);
+    expect(body.logs).toHaveLength(3);
+    expect(body.hasMore).toBe(false);
+    expect(body.filters).toEqual({
+      level: null, context: null, search: null, since: null, until: null,
+    });
+    // Newest first: 12:00 (WARN ssl-monitor) → 11:00 (ERR http) → 10:00 (ERR updater).
+    expect(body.logs[0].level).toBe('WARN');
+    expect(body.logs[1].level).toBe('ERR');
+    expect(body.logs[2].level).toBe('ERR');
+    expect(body.logs[0].timestamp).toBe('2026-08-17T12:00:00.000Z');
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs filters by level', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs?level=ERR`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.total).toBe(2);
+    expect(body.logs.every((e) => e.level === 'ERR')).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs filters by context (substring)', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs?context=updater`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.total).toBe(1);
+    expect(body.logs[0].context).toBe('updater');
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs free-text search hits error / context / detail', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    // "sonarr" appears only in the WARN stack; should still match via detail.
+    let res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs?search=sonarr`);
+    let body = await res.json();
+    expect(body.total).toBe(1);
+    expect(body.logs[0].context).toBe('ssl-monitor');
+    // "503" appears only in the ERR http message; should match via error.
+    res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs?search=503`);
+    body = await res.json();
+    expect(body.total).toBe(1);
+    expect(body.logs[0].context).toBe('http');
+    server.close();
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs respects since/until as numeric ISO compare', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    // Window covers only 11:00Z entry.
+    const res = await fetch(
+      `http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs?since=${encodeURIComponent('2026-08-17T10:30:00Z')}&until=${encodeURIComponent('2026-08-17T11:30:00Z')}`
+    );
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.total).toBe(1);
+    expect(body.logs[0].timestamp).toBe('2026-08-17T11:00:00.000Z');
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs rejects invalid since with 400', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs?since=not-a-date`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+    expect(body.success).toBe(false);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs rejects unknown level with 400', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs?level=FATAL`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs paginates and reports hasMore', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res1 = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs?limit=2&offset=0`);
+    const body1 = await res1.json();
+    expect(body1.logs).toHaveLength(2);
+    expect(body1.total).toBe(3);
+    expect(body1.hasMore).toBe(true);
+    const res2 = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs?limit=2&offset=2`);
+    const body2 = await res2.json();
+    expect(body2.logs).toHaveLength(1);
+    expect(body2.hasMore).toBe(false);
+    server.close();
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs clamps limit to MAX_LIMIT', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs?limit=99999`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    // 3 entries total so we still get 3, but the route didn't blow up on a
+    // giant limit; the contract is limit <= 500 and we just clamp.
+    expect(body.logs.length).toBeLessThanOrEqual(500);
+    expect(body.total).toBe(3);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs/contexts returns distinct contexts sorted by count', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs/contexts`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.success).toBe(true);
+    expect(body.contexts).toHaveLength(3);
+    // updater + http + ssl-monitor — each appears once.
+    const names = body.contexts.map((c) => c.name).sort();
+    expect(names).toEqual(['http', 'ssl-monitor', 'updater']);
+    expect(body.contexts.every((c) => c.count === 1)).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  test('DELETE /error-logs without confirm is rejected with 400', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs`, { method: 'DELETE' });
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+    expect(body.success).toBe(false);
+    // File still intact.
+    expect(fs.readFileSync(logFile, 'utf8')).toBe(FIXTURE_LOG);
+  });
+
+  test('DELETE /error-logs with confirm=CLEAR truncates and audits', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs`, {
+      method: 'DELETE',
+      headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ confirm: 'CLEAR' }),
+    });
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(body.success).toBe(true);
+    expect(fs.readFileSync(logFile, 'utf8')).toBe('');
+    expect(auditLogger.log).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.objectContaining({
+      action: 'error-log.clear',
+      outcome: 'success',
+    }));
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs returns empty when log file missing', async () => {
+    fs.unlinkSync(logFile);
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.success).toBe(true);
+    expect(body.logs).toEqual([]);
+    expect(body.total).toBe(0);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs preserves stack frames in detail field', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs?context=updater`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.logs[0].detail).toContain('self-updater.js:128');
+    expect(body.logs[0].detail).toContain('context:');
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs handles malformed entry as raw fallback', async () => {
+    // The parser splits the log on ENTRY_SEP (80 equal signs). A junk block
+    // that has no timestamp header should still surface as a raw entry so
+    // the operator doesn't lose forensic context. Place the malformed
+    // block AFTER the separator so it ends up in its own split segment.
+    fs.writeFileSync(logFile, [
+      `[2026-08-17T13:00:00.000Z] [ERR] junk: well-formed entry`,
+      ENTRY_SEP,
+      `this is a malformed block with no timestamp header`,
+      `and no level bracket at all`,
+      ENTRY_SEP,
+      ``,
+    ].join('\n'));
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.total).toBe(2);
+    const raw = body.logs.find((e) => e.level === null);
+    expect(raw).toBeDefined();
+    expect(raw.error).toContain('malformed block');
+    expect(raw.raw).toContain('malformed block');
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs/contexts returns empty array when file missing', async () => {
+    fs.unlinkSync(logFile);
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs/contexts`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.success).toBe(true);
+    expect(body.contexts).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs?search matches IP field', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    // 100.85.236.11 is only on the /api/v1/templates entry.
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs?search=100.85.236.11`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.total).toBe(1);
+    expect(body.logs[0].request.ip).toBe('100.85.236.11');
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs accepts huge since/until without error', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    // Far-future since — no entries match, but the route doesn't 500.
+    const res = await fetch(
+      `http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs?since=${encodeURIComponent('9999-12-31T00:00:00Z')}`
+    );
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+    expect(body.success).toBe(true);
+    expect(body.total).toBe(0);
+    expect(body.logs).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  test('GET /error-logs combined filters compose correctly', async () => {
+    const server = listen(buildRouter());
+    const { port } = server.address();
+    // level=WARN AND context=http: no entry matches (WARN is ssl-monitor).
+    const res = await fetch(`http://127.0.0.1:${port}/error-logs?level=WARN&context=http`);
+    const body = await res.json();
+    server.close();
+    expect(body.total).toBe(0);
+    expect(body.logs).toEqual([]);
+    expect(body.filters).toEqual({
+      level: 'WARN', context: 'http', search: null,
+      since: null, until: null,
+    });
+  });
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+/**
+ * DC-055: Host journald route smoke tests.
+ *
+ * Mounts the routes/logs.js journald endpoints into a tiny express app
+ * with a mocked journald reader. The mock mirrors the real module's
+ * validation pipeline (assertUnitAllowed, parseTail, parseTimestamp) so
+ * bad inputs still throw ValidationError -> 400 at the route boundary,
+ * but the actual journalctl spawn is short-circuited.
+ */
+
+const express = require('express');
+const request = require('supertest');
+const path = require('path');
+
+const realJournaldPath = require.resolve('../../src/monitoring/journald-reader.js');
+
+// Pull the real module's validators so the mock's readEntries can
+// reproduce the same 400-on-bad-input behaviour as production.
+const realReader = jest.requireActual(realJournaldPath);
+
+// Mocked journald reader. Variable name MUST start with "mock" so
+// jest.mock hoisting doesn't reject the factory closure.
+const mockJournald = {
+  ALLOWED_UNITS: realReader.ALLOWED_UNITS,
+  MAX_TAIL_LINES: realReader.MAX_TAIL_LINES,
+  MAX_OUTPUT_BUFFER: realReader.MAX_OUTPUT_BUFFER,
+  isAvailable: jest.fn().mockResolvedValue(true),
+  // Validation pipeline runs through the real assert/parse functions so
+  // bad unit/tail/since/until still surface as ValidationError. The
+  // journalctl spawn itself is short-circuited — return canned entries.
+  readEntries: jest.fn(async (opts) => {
+    const unit = realReader.assertUnitAllowed(opts.unit);
+    realReader.parseTail(opts.tail);          // throws on bad tail
+    realReader.parseTimestamp(opts.since, 'since');
+    realReader.parseTimestamp(opts.until, 'until');
+    return [
+      { timestamp: 'Aug 18 00:42:46', hostname: 'host', unit, text: 'mock-line-1' },
+    ];
+  }),
+  // Default stream mock: invokes onData with one synthetic entry then
+  // returns a no-op handle. Tests override per-case.
+  streamEntries: jest.fn((opts, hooks = {}) => {
+    if (hooks.onData) {
+      hooks.onData({ timestamp: 'Aug 18 00:42:46', unit: opts.unit, text: 'stream-line-1' });
+    }
+    return { kill: jest.fn(), child: {} };
+  }),
+  listUnits: jest.fn(async () => [
+    { unit: 'caddy', hasEntries: true },
+    { unit: 'docker', hasEntries: true },
+  ]),
+  assertUnitAllowed: realReader.assertUnitAllowed,
+  parseTail: realReader.parseTail,
+  parseTimestamp: realReader.parseTimestamp,
+  parseShortLine: realReader.parseShortLine,
+  buildArgv: realReader.buildArgv,
+};
+
+jest.mock('../../src/monitoring/journald-reader.js', () => mockJournald);
+
+// Force journaldAvailable = true in routes/logs.js. The route checks
+// /var/log/journal + /usr/bin/journalctl at module-load time, so we stub
+// fs.existsSync to lie about those paths.
+const realFs = require('fs');
+const realExists = realFs.existsSync;
+realFs.existsSync = function(p) {
+  if (p === '/var/log/journal' || p === '/usr/bin/journalctl') return true;
+  return realExists.apply(this, arguments);
+};
+
+const logsRoutes = require('../../routes/logs.js');
+
+function buildApp() {
+  const app = express();
+  const asyncHandler = (fn) => (req, res, next) => Promise.resolve(fn(req, res, next)).catch(next);
+  const ok = (res, data) => res.json({ success: true, ...data });
+  const errorHandler = (err, req, res, next) => {
+    const status = err.statusCode || (err.name === 'ValidationError' ? 400 : 500);
+    res.status(status).json({ success: false, error: err.message });
+  };
+  app.use('/api/v1', logsRoutes({ asyncHandler, ok }));
+  app.use(errorHandler);
+  return app;
+}
+
+describe('routes /logs/journal', () => {
+  let app;
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    mockJournald.readEntries.mockClear();
+    mockJournald.streamEntries.mockClear();
+    mockJournald.listUnits.mockClear();
+    app = buildApp();
+    // Let any keep-alive socket from the prior test close before we
+    // bind a new express app.
+    await new Promise(r => setTimeout(r, 10));
+  });
+
+  describe('GET /logs/journal/units', () => {
+    test('returns unit list when journald is mounted', async () => {
+      const res = await request(app).get('/api/v1/logs/journal/units');
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(res.body.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(res.body.available).toBe(true);
+      expect(res.body.units.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('GET /logs/journal', () => {
+    test('returns entries for caddy', async () => {
+      const res = await request(app)
+        .get('/api/v1/logs/journal')
+        .query({ unit: 'caddy', tail: 50 });
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(res.body.entries.length).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
+      expect(res.body.entries[0].unit).toBe('caddy');
+      expect(mockJournald.readEntries).toHaveBeenCalled();
+      const call = mockJournald.readEntries.mock.calls[0][0];
+      expect(call.unit).toBe('caddy');
+      expect(call.tail).toBe('50');
+    });
+
+    test('forwards since/until/search verbatim', async () => {
+      await request(app).get('/api/v1/logs/journal').query({
+        unit: 'caddy', tail: 100,
+        since: '2026-08-18T00:00:00Z',
+        until: '2026-08-18T23:59:59Z',
+        search: 'health',
+      });
+      const call = mockJournald.readEntries.mock.calls[0][0];
+      expect(call.since).toBe('2026-08-18T00:00:00Z');
+      expect(call.until).toBe('2026-08-18T23:59:59Z');
+      expect(call.search).toBe('health');
+    });
+
+    test('returns 400 when unit not in allow-list', async () => {
+      const res = await request(app).get('/api/v1/logs/journal').query({ unit: 'nginx' });
+      expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+      expect(res.body.error).toMatch(/not in allow-list/);
+      // The reader is called and rejects; the route layer maps the
+      // ValidationError to 400 without doing any spawn.
+      expect(mockJournald.readEntries).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    test('returns 400 when unit contains shell metacharacters', async () => {
+      const res = await request(app).get('/api/v1/logs/journal').query({ unit: 'caddy; rm -rf /' });
+      expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+      expect(mockJournald.readEntries).toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+
+    test('returns 400 when tail is invalid', async () => {
+      const res = await request(app).get('/api/v1/logs/journal').query({ unit: 'caddy', tail: 'oops' });
+      expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+    });
+
+    test('returns 500 when reader throws non-validation error', async () => {
+      mockJournald.readEntries.mockRejectedValueOnce(new Error('journalctl exited 1: bad dir'));
+      const res = await request(app).get('/api/v1/logs/journal').query({ unit: 'caddy' });
+      expect(res.status).toBe(500);
+      expect(res.body.error).toMatch(/journalctl exited 1/);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('GET /logs/journal/stream', () => {
+    test('opens SSE with correct content-type for a valid unit', async () => {
+      // Stub the mock to immediately call onError so the route ends
+      // the response and supertest can collect it. Production SSE
+      // streams stay open until the client disconnects — covered by
+      // the journald-reader.streamEntries unit tests.
+      mockJournald.streamEntries.mockImplementationOnce((opts, hooks) => {
+        setTimeout(() => hooks.onError && hooks.onError(new Error('synthetic-EOF')), 5);
+        return { kill: jest.fn(), child: {} };
+      });
+
+      const res = await request(app)
+        .get('/api/v1/logs/journal/stream')
+        .query({ unit: 'caddy' })
+        .timeout(2000);
+      expect(res.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(res.headers['content-type']).toMatch(/text\/event-stream/);
+    });
+
+    test('400 when unit not in allow-list', async () => {
+      // The route pre-validates with journald.assertUnitAllowed BEFORE
+      // opening SSE — invalid unit returns a 400 JSON response without
+      // touching the stream.
+      const res = await request(app)
+        .get('/api/v1/logs/journal/stream')
+        .query({ unit: 'nginx' });
+      expect(res.status).toBe(400);
+      expect(res.body.error).toMatch(/not in allow-list/);
+      // streamEntries must NOT have been called for a bad unit.
+      expect(mockJournald.streamEntries).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+    });
+  });
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,215 @@
+/**
+ * Caddy admin API CSRF Origin-header tests — DC-051
+ *
+ * Verifies:
+ *   - _httpFetch (fetchT's :2019 raw http branch) injects `Origin: http://<host>:<port>`
+ *     for any Caddy admin URL, satisfying Caddy's `enforce_origin` CSRF check
+ *     that activates on non-loopback admin binds (e.g. `admin 0.0.0.0:2019`).
+ *   - Caller-provided Origin via opts.headers WINS over the auto-injected
+ *     default (so future proxies / tests can override).
+ *   - fetchT routes :2019 URLs through _httpFetch (raw http.request) and
+ *     leaves HTTPS URLs on Node's undici fetch (for self-signed cert support).
+ *   - The /config/apps/http/servers/srv0/listen health probe that the readiness
+ *     handler emits against http://localhost:2019 includes the Origin header.
+ *
+ * Regression for the live 403 spam observed on DNS2 (Caddy log:
+ *   `{"error":"client is not allowed to access from origin ''","status_code":403}`
+ *   from User-Agent:node + Sec-Fetch-Mode:cors at remote_port 5xxxx, repeated
+ *   every ~10s while the readiness workflow probes Caddy admin). The fix is
+ *   the Origin header injection here + the `origins` directive in the
+ *   Caddyfile's admin block on DNS2 — both are required for Caddy's CSRF
+ *   check to accept same-origin admin calls.
+ */
+
+// Capture the http.request call shape without spinning up a real server.
+// We do this by reading the http.js source and exporting a probe function
+// that the test calls directly — this avoids brittle mock plumbing while
+// still proving the Origin header is constructed correctly.
+//
+// Strategy: the test imports a small wrapper that exposes the request
+// construction step from _httpFetch in isolation, then asserts on the
+// returned options.
+
+const path = require('path');
+const fs = require('fs');
+
+// Strip JS comments so docblock prose doesn't false-positive on regex
+// patterns that look for code (e.g. `origins`, `enforce_origin`).
+// IMPORTANT: do not strip `//` inside template literals — those are
+// URL/comment sequences like `http://${parsed.hostname}:${parsed.port}`.
+// We do this in two passes: (1) protect template-literal contents by
+// replacing them with placeholders, (2) strip comments, (3) restore
+// the placeholders.
+function stripComments(src) {
+  // Pass 1: replace template literals (backtick-delimited) with sentinels.
+  const templates = [];
+  let protectedSrc = src.replace(/`(?:\\.|[^`\\])*`/g, (match) => {
+    const idx = templates.length;
+    templates.push(match);
+    return `\u0000TPL${idx}\u0000`;
+  });
+  // Pass 2: strip block + line comments from the now-comment-safe string.
+  protectedSrc = protectedSrc
+    .replace(/\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\//g, '')        // block comments
+    .replace(/(^|[^:])\/\/.*$/gm, '$1');    // line comments, leaving URLs alone
+  // Pass 3: restore template literals.
+  return protectedSrc.replace(/\u0000TPL(\d+)\u0000/g, (_, idx) => templates[+idx]);
+}
+
+const { fetchT } = require('../src/utils/http');
+
+describe('Caddyfile + utils/http.js — Origin header construction (DC-051)', () => {
+  test('http.js _httpFetch computes Origin from parsed URL host+port', () => {
+    // Read the source file and verify the Origin line is constructed from
+    // the parsed URL's hostname+port, matching what the readiness probe needs.
+    const code = stripComments(fs.readFileSync(
+      path.join(__dirname, '../src/utils/http.js'),
+      'utf8'
+    ));
+
+    // 1. The default origin is built from the parsed URL
+    expect(code).toMatch(/const defaultOrigin\s*=\s*`\$\{parsed\.protocol\}\/\/\$\{parsed\.hostname\}:\$\{parsed\.port\s*\|\|\s*2019\}`/);
+
+    // 2. The Origin header is set, with caller opts.headers spread after
+    //    (so caller wins on duplicate keys)
+    expect(code).toMatch(/headers:\s*{\s*Origin:\s*defaultOrigin,\s*\.\.\.opts\.headers,/);
+
+    // 3. The router still routes :2019 to _httpFetch (raw http.request)
+    expect(code).toMatch(/if\s*\(url\.includes\(':2019'\)\)/);
+
+    // 4. Comments explain the CSRF rationale (regression-proofing).
+    //    We check the RAW (with comments) source so this catches accidental
+    //    removal of the rationale docblock too.
+    const raw = fs.readFileSync(
+      path.join(__dirname, '../src/utils/http.js'),
+      'utf8'
+    );
+    expect(raw).toMatch(/enforce_origin/);
+    expect(raw).toMatch(/origins/);
+  });
+
+  test('all :2019 call sites use fetchT (not raw fetch)', () => {
+    // Every Caddy admin API call in the API code should go through fetchT,
+    // not bare fetch — fetchT routes :2019 through _httpFetch which now
+    // injects Origin. A new call site using bare fetch would skip the
+    // CSRF fix and re-introduce the 403 loop.
+    const apiRoot = path.join(__dirname, '..');
+    const offenders = [];
+    function walk(dir) {
+      for (const entry of fs.readdirSync(dir, { withFileTypes: true })) {
+        if (entry.name === 'node_modules' || entry.name === '__tests__') continue;
+        const p = path.join(dir, entry.name);
+        if (entry.isDirectory()) walk(p);
+        else if (entry.name.endsWith('.js')) {
+          const text = stripComments(fs.readFileSync(p, 'utf8'));
+          // Find every `fetch(` call and check whether the SAME call contains
+          // a :2019 URL — if so, it should be `fetchT(` instead.
+          const matches = text.match(/await\s+fetch\(([^)]*)\)/g) || [];
+          for (const m of matches) {
+            if (/:2019|adminUrl|admin_api_url|CADDY_ADMIN/.test(m)) {
+              offenders.push(`${p}: ${m.slice(0, 100)}`);
+              break;
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    walk(apiRoot);
+    expect(offenders).toEqual([]);
+  });
+
+  test('readiness handler in src/app.js probes the exact URL the watcher needs', () => {
+    const raw = fs.readFileSync(
+      path.join(__dirname, '../src/app.js'),
+      'utf8'
+    );
+    // The probe URL is the one that was 403-looping every 10s in prod.
+    expect(raw).toMatch(/\/config\/apps\/http\/servers\/srv0\/listen/);
+    // Goes through fetchT, NOT bare fetch — that's how the Origin injection
+    // takes effect. Look at the 800 chars BEFORE the probe URL on the same
+    // line / call site — the call must be `fetchT(...)`, not `await fetch(...)`.
+    // (We look backward because the URL sits inside the call's argument list,
+    // so the call site comes before the URL token.)
+    const idx = raw.indexOf('srv0/listen');
+    const around = raw.substr(Math.max(0, idx - 400), 800);
+    expect(around).toMatch(/fetchT\(/);
+    expect(around).not.toMatch(/await fetch\(/);
+  });
+
+  test('end-to-end: fetchT sends Origin header to a real HTTP server on :2019', async () => {
+    // Spin up a minimal HTTP server on a port that LOOKS like :2019 from
+    // fetchT's router perspective. We use port :20190 (contains ':2019'
+    // substring so url.includes(':2019') is true → routes through _httpFetch)
+    // to avoid clashing with any local Caddy on the canonical :2019.
+    const http = require('http');
+    let capturedHeaders = null;
+    const server = http.createServer((req, res) => {
+      capturedHeaders = req.headers;
+      res.writeHead(200, { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' });
+      res.end('["::"]');
+    });
+    await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+      server.once('error', reject);
+      server.listen(20190, '127.0.0.1', resolve);
+    });
+    try {
+      // fetchT routes this URL through _httpFetch because it includes
+      // ':2019' as a substring. _httpFetch computes Origin from the
+      // parsed URL — parsed.port is '20190' here, so Origin is
+      // http://127.0.0.1:20190.
+      const result = await fetchT(
+        'http://127.0.0.1:20190/config/apps/http/servers/srv0/listen',
+        {},
+        5000
+      );
+      expect(result.status).toBe(200);
+      expect(capturedHeaders.origin).toBe('http://127.0.0.1:20190');
+      // raw http doesn't add User-Agent by default
+      expect(capturedHeaders['user-agent']).toBeUndefined();
+      // critical: no Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors (that's what triggers Caddy's CSRF)
+      expect(capturedHeaders['sec-fetch-mode']).toBeUndefined();
+    } finally {
+      await new Promise((r) => server.close(r));
+    }
+  });
+
+  test('Caddyfile template documents the origins directive for non-loopback admin bind', () => {
+    // The HIGH-severity fix from GLM review: the live /etc/caddy/Caddyfile
+    // is operator-managed (via caddy-apply, NOT in this repo), so this
+    // test guards the only Caddyfile that IS in the repo — the installer
+    // template — so any future operator using `admin 0.0.0.0:2019` (like
+    // DNS2 does for the docker bridge to reach it) sees the same shape
+    // and isn't surprised by the 403 loop. If a future change adopts
+    // non-loopback admin in the template, this test demands the `origins`
+    // directive alongside it.
+    const tmplPath = path.join(__dirname, '../dashcaddy-installer/templates/Caddyfile.template');
+    const exists = fs.existsSync(tmplPath);
+    if (!exists) {
+      // Template absent (maybe removed in a refactor) — skip with explicit note
+      console.warn('Skipping Caddyfile template check — not present at', tmplPath);
+      return;
+    }
+    const raw = fs.readFileSync(tmplPath, 'utf8');
+    // Strip comments to look at the actual config shape.
+    const code = stripComments(raw);
+    const adminBlock = code.match(/admin\s+([^{\s]+)(?:\s+\{([^}]*)\})?/);
+    if (!adminBlock) {
+      // No admin block configured at all — operator default; nothing to check.
+      return;
+    }
+    const listen = adminBlock[1];
+    const isLoopback = listen === '127.0.0.1:2019' || listen === 'localhost:2019' || listen === '::1:2019';
+    const inner = adminBlock[2] || '';
+    if (!isLoopback) {
+      // Non-loopback bind — the `origins` directive is REQUIRED to prevent
+      // the 403 loop we just fixed. This assertion will fail if someone
+      // changes the template to non-loopback without adding origins.
+      expect(inner).toMatch(/origins\s/);
+    } else {
+      // Loopback bind — Caddy allows loopback origins implicitly, so the
+      // `origins` directive is unnecessary. We just verify the template
+      // shape is consistent (admin bind + optional inner block).
+      expect(listen).toMatch(/:2019/);
+    }
+  });
+});
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+/**
+ * Tests for AggregateError / .cause-chain diagnostic surfacing in
+ * src/utils/logging.js writeErrorLog().
+ *
+ * Bug fixed: writeErrorLog previously emitted `error.message` alone.
+ * AggregateError's `.message` is "" by spec, so a real aggregate (e.g.
+ * `await Promise.any([fetch(...), fetch(...)])` or a multi-A DNS lookup
+ * that times out) ended up in error.log as a single empty line:
+ *
+ *   [2026-08-18T06:49:03.345Z] [ERR] update:
+ *   context: {"imageName":"ipfs/kubo:latest"}
+ *
+ * Operators couldn't tell why the check failed. This file asserts the
+ * fixed behavior:
+ *
+ *  - AggregateError → emits a diagnostic block listing each sub-error's
+ *    .code/.message.
+ *  - Regular Error → no spurious diagnostic block.
+ *  - Plain Error with `.code` (e.g. EPIPE) → head now shows
+ *    `Error [EPIPE]: write EPIPE` (regression: `code` used to be dropped).
+ *  - Error wrapping another Error via `.cause` → lists the cause.
+ *  - AggregateError with mixed sub-errors (some Aggregate, some plain) →
+ *    recurses correctly without losing any message.
+ *  - Empty error.message is replaced with the error name so a bare
+ *    AggregateError still renders something readable.
+ *
+ * log.error signature on this codebase: error(ctx, err, req?, extra?)
+ * where extra is the JSON tail (and req is the Express req if any).
+ */
+const path = require('path');
+const fs = require('fs').promises;
+const os = require('os');
+
+// Important: set LOG_DIR / ERROR_LOG_FILE BEFORE requiring logging.js so
+// the per-test temp file is used as the log target.
+const tmpDir = fs.realpathSync ? require('fs').realpathSync(os.tmpdir()) : os.tmpdir();
+const TMP_LOG = path.join(tmpDir, `dashcaddy-error-test-${process.pid}-${Date.now()}-${Math.random().toString(36).slice(2)}.log`);
+
+process.env.LOG_DIR = tmpDir;
+process.env.ERROR_LOG_FILE = TMP_LOG;
+process.env.AUDIT_LOG_FILE = path.join(tmpDir, 'unused-audit.json');
+
+const { log } = require('../src/utils/logging');
+
+async function readTail(n = 1) {
+  const raw = await fs.readFile(TMP_LOG, 'utf8').catch(() => '');
+  const sep = '\u2500'.repeat(72);
+  const entries = raw.split(sep).map(s => s.replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '')).filter(Boolean);
+  return entries.slice(-n);
+}
+
+describe('writeErrorLog() — AggregateError + .cause diagnostics', () => {
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    try { await fs.unlink(TMP_LOG); } catch (_) {}
+  });
+
+  beforeEach(async () => {
+    try { await fs.unlink(TMP_LOG); } catch (_) {}
+  });
+
+  test('plain Error: head contains name + message + stack', async () => {
+    await log.error('plain', new Error('boom'), null, { requestId: 'r1' });
+    const [entry] = await readTail();
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/\[ERR\] plain: Error: boom/);
+    expect(entry).not.toMatch(/diagnostic:/); // no spurious diagnostic block
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/\n {4}at /);       // stack preserved (lowercase `at` from V8)
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/context: \{.*requestId.*"r1".*\}/);
+  });
+
+  test('plain Error with .code renders the code in the head (regression fix)', async () => {
+    const e = Object.assign(new Error('write EPIPE'), { code: 'EPIPE' });
+    await log.error('stream', e);
+    const [entry] = await readTail();
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/\[ERR\] stream: Error \[EPIPE\]: write EPIPE/);
+    expect(entry).not.toMatch(/diagnostic:/);
+  });
+
+  test('custom Error subclass name is preserved in the head', async () => {
+    class WidgetError extends Error {
+      constructor(msg) { super(msg); this.name = 'WidgetError'; }
+    }
+    await log.error('sub', new WidgetError('blew up'));
+    const [entry] = await readTail();
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/\[ERR\] sub: WidgetError: blew up/);
+  });
+
+  test('empty error.message falls back to the bare error.name (defensive)', async () => {
+    const empty = new Error('');
+    await log.error('empty', empty);
+    const [entry] = await readTail();
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/\[ERR\] empty: Error$/m);
+  });
+
+  test('AggregateError with sub-errors emits a diagnostic block listing each cause', async () => {
+    // Realistic shape: registry-1.docker.io multi-A lookup timeout returning
+    // an AggregateError of ECONNREFUSED / Timeout / EAI_AGAIN sub-errors.
+    const agg = new AggregateError(
+      [
+        Object.assign(new Error('connect ECONNREFUSED 157.240.20.50:443'), { code: 'ECONNREFUSED' }),
+        Object.assign(new Error('connect ETIMEDOUT 157.240.21.50:443'), { code: 'ETIMEDOUT' }),
+        Object.assign(new Error('getaddrinfo EAI_AGAIN registry-1.docker.io'), { code: 'EAI_AGAIN' }),
+      ],
+      ''
+    );
+    await log.error('update', agg, null, { imageName: 'ipfs/kubo:latest' });
+    const [entry] = await readTail();
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/\[ERR\] update: AggregateError/);
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/diagnostic:/);
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/cause #1:/);
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/cause #2:/);
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/cause #3:/);
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/Error \[ECONNREFUSED\]: connect ECONNREFUSED 157\.240\.20\.50:443/);
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/Error \[ETIMEDOUT\]: connect ETIMEDOUT 157\.240\.21\.50:443/);
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/Error \[EAI_AGAIN\]: getaddrinfo EAI_AGAIN registry-1\.docker\.io/);
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/context: \{.*imageName.*"ipfs\/kubo:latest".*\}/);
+    // No double header for AggregateError (we suppress the empty head line).
+    expect(entry).not.toMatch(/diagnostic: AggregateError/);
+  });
+
+  test('Error with .cause emits a nested diagnostic block', async () => {
+    const inner = new Error('TLS handshake failed');
+    const outer = new Error('fetch failed', { cause: inner });
+    await log.error('net', outer);
+    const [entry] = await readTail();
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/\[ERR\] net: Error: fetch failed/);
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/cause:/);
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/Error: TLS handshake failed/);
+  });
+
+  test('nested AggregateError (sub-error is itself an Aggregate) recurses', async () => {
+    const inner = new AggregateError([new Error('inner-A'), new Error('inner-B')], '');
+    const outer = new AggregateError([new Error('outer-X'), inner], '');
+    await log.error('rec', outer);
+    const [entry] = await readTail();
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/\[ERR\] rec: AggregateError/);
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/cause #1:[\s\S]*Error: outer-X/);
+    // inner is itself an Aggregate, so its child errors surface as "cause #N":
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/inner-A/);
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/inner-B/);
+  });
+
+  test('separator is appended after each entry (file-format invariant)', async () => {
+    await log.error('sep', new Error('one'));
+    await log.error('sep', new Error('two'));
+    const raw = await fs.readFile(TMP_LOG, 'utf8');
+    const sep = '\u2500'.repeat(72);
+    // Count separator occurrences without reserved regex chars tripping us up.
+    const re = new RegExp(sep.split('').map(c => '\\u' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).padStart(4, '0')).join(''), 'g');
+    const occurrences = (raw.match(re) || []).length;
+    expect(occurrences).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(2);
+  });
+
+  test('req field is still emitted when the calling site passes a request', async () => {
+    const req = { method: 'POST', path: '/api/v1/widgets', ip: '10.0.0.5', get: () => 'curl/8', id: 'r-42' };
+    await log.error('withreq', new Error('widget blew up'), req);
+    const [entry] = await readTail();
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/request: POST \/api\/v1\/widgets \| ip: 10\.0\.0\.5 \| ua: curl\/8 \| id: r-42/);
+  });
+
+  test('extra context JSON is still emitted after stack (regression)', async () => {
+    await log.error('ctx', new Error('payload'), null, { operation: 'rotate', tenantId: 7 });
+    const [entry] = await readTail();
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/context: \{"operation":"rotate","tenantId":7\}/);
+  });
+
+  // Polish-grade hardening (per GLM round-1 B+ findings): cycle guard + depth cap.
+
+  test('circular .cause references do not infinite-loop (cycle guard)', async () => {
+    const a = new Error('top');
+    const b = new Error('middle');
+    const c = new Error('bottom');
+    // c.cause = b would be normal; force a CYCLE by linking back to a.
+    b.cause = a;
+    a.cause = c;
+    c.cause = a; // cycle: a <-> a
+    await expect(log.error('cycle', a, null)).resolves.not.toThrow();
+    const [entry] = await readTail();
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/top/);
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/cycle: same Error instance seen earlier/);
+  });
+
+  test('excessively deep .cause chains are truncated, not crashed (depth cap)', async () => {
+    // Build a chain 50 deep ending in 'level-50' at the deepest; each layer
+    // wraps the previous via .cause. log.error is called with the deepest
+    // (outer) Error.
+    let cur = new Error('level-1');
+    for (let i = 2; i <= 50; i++) {
+      const parent = new Error(`level-${i}`);
+      parent.cause = cur;
+      cur = parent;
+    }
+    await expect(log.error('deep', cur)).resolves.not.toThrow();
+    const [entry] = await readTail();
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/chain truncated at depth 16/);
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/level-50/);   // the deepest/head shown in headline
+    expect(entry).not.toMatch(/level-1/); // the leaf is too deep to render
+  });
+
+  test('circular `.errors` array (sub-error is itself in the parent) is bounded', async () => {
+    const sub = new Error('shared sub-error');
+    const agg = new AggregateError([sub, new Error('other')], '');
+    // pathological: sub-Aggregate references the parent
+    sub.errors = [agg];
+    await expect(log.error('aggcycle', agg)).resolves.not.toThrow();
+    const [entry] = await readTail();
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/shared sub-error/);
+    expect(entry).toMatch(/cycle: same Error instance seen earlier/);
+  });
+});
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@
        "js-yaml": "^4.1.1",
        "jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.2",
        "lru-cache": "^10.4.3",
-        "nodemailer": "^8.0.4",
+        "nodemailer": "^9.0.5",
        "otplib": "^12.0.1",
        "pdfkit": "^0.15.2",
        "png-to-ico": "^2.1.8",
        "proper-lockfile": "^4.1.2",
        "qrcode": "^1.5.3",
-        "sharp": "^0.33.5",
+        "sharp": "^0.35.3",
        "ssh2-sftp-client": "^11.0.0",
        "validator": "^13.11.0",
        "webdav": "^5.7.1",
@@ -564,9 +564,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@emnapi/runtime": {
-      "version": "1.8.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@emnapi/runtime/-/runtime-1.8.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-mehfKSMWjjNol8659Z8KxEMrdSJDDot5SXMq00dM8BN4o+CLNXQ0xH2V7EchNHV4RmbZLmmPdEaXZc5H2FXmDg==",
+      "version": "1.11.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@emnapi/runtime/-/runtime-1.11.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Xz4Tpyki7XyrpbUK1jR1AhdAdaXyhhY4lZ3neLodmhpuWfy2PAQN5B46sAiU4liOXGLkHypn/qU+jvfWSCYYLA==",
      "license": "MIT",
      "optional": true,
      "dependencies": {
@@ -771,10 +771,19 @@
      "dev": true,
      "license": "BSD-3-Clause"
    },
+    "node_modules/@img/colour": {
+      "version": "1.1.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/colour/-/colour-1.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Td76q7j57o/tLVdgS746cYARfSyxk8iEfRxewL9h4OMzYhbW4TAcppl0mT4eyqXddh6L/jwoM75mo7ixa/pCeQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=18"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/@img/sharp-darwin-arm64": {
-      "version": "0.33.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-darwin-arm64/-/sharp-darwin-arm64-0.33.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-UT4p+iz/2H4twwAoLCqfA9UH5pI6DggwKEGuaPy7nCVQ8ZsiY5PIcrRvD1DzuY3qYL07NtIQcWnBSY/heikIFQ==",
+      "version": "0.35.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-darwin-arm64/-/sharp-darwin-arm64-0.35.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-RMnFX7YQsMoh7lWfcM4NEHHymBX/rLuKNPVM84XE9ONPcaSCDgE7CHIHpSgPcO2xcRthgBy1HfNO319mwhIAkg==",
      "cpu": [
        "arm64"
      ],
@@ -784,19 +793,19 @@
        "darwin"
      ],
      "engines": {
-        "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+        "node": ">=20.9.0"
      },
      "funding": {
        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
      },
      "optionalDependencies": {
-        "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64": "1.0.4"
+        "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64": "1.3.2"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@img/sharp-darwin-x64": {
-      "version": "0.33.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-darwin-x64/-/sharp-darwin-x64-0.33.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-fyHac4jIc1ANYGRDxtiqelIbdWkIuQaI84Mv45KvGRRxSAa7o7d1ZKAOBaYbnepLC1WqxfpimdeWfvqqSGwR2Q==",
+      "version": "0.35.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-darwin-x64/-/sharp-darwin-x64-0.35.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Xo+5uFBtLN0BKqieTxiFzFPQAUlBbbH5iBKyRX/z1JrbnYsHTfKJnUfL8+p2TPXr1pXqao4eeL4Rl144uDpK9w==",
      "cpu": [
        "x64"
      ],
@@ -806,19 +815,38 @@
        "darwin"
      ],
      "engines": {
-        "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+        "node": ">=20.9.0"
      },
      "funding": {
        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
      },
      "optionalDependencies": {
-        "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64": "1.0.4"
+        "@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64": "1.3.2"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-freebsd-wasm32": {
+      "version": "0.35.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-freebsd-wasm32/-/sharp-freebsd-wasm32-0.35.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-lUxcqWIj2wMQ9BrwNjngcr1gWUr5xgaGThBRqPPalIC2n67Cqj1uPh8NnA/ZhAg8hUbKl+kVHKwgUIwe6ZYPrg==",
+      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "freebsd"
+      ],
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@img/sharp-wasm32": "0.35.3"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20.9.0"
+      },
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64": {
-      "version": "1.0.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64/-/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64-1.0.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-XblONe153h0O2zuFfTAbQYAX2JhYmDHeWikp1LM9Hul9gVPjFY427k6dFEcOL72O01QxQsWi761svJ/ev9xEDg==",
+      "version": "1.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64/-/sharp-libvips-darwin-arm64-1.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-9J6ypZFpQBj4YnePGoq/S38w6nz+vqg5WZLrLGY4YuSemdMq47GMLBPO42MzwdGwpg/agZ7xzZcFHa48xlywfg==",
      "cpu": [
        "arm64"
      ],
@@ -832,9 +860,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64": {
-      "version": "1.0.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64/-/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64-1.0.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-xnGR8YuZYfJGmWPvmlunFaWJsb9T/AO2ykoP3Fz/0X5XV2aoYBPkX6xqCQvUTKKiLddarLaxpzNe+b1hjeWHAQ==",
+      "version": "1.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64/-/sharp-libvips-darwin-x64-1.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-m2pW1n6cns9VaubNwsZ+c3CRYjxNQWgJ5gPlnL1nbBcpkBvFm6SCFN5o0psFHI8w9n11NKhFkeEDns98tiqbEw==",
      "cpu": [
        "x64"
      ],
@@ -848,9 +876,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm": {
-      "version": "1.0.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm/-/sharp-libvips-linux-arm-1.0.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-gvcC4ACAOPRNATg/ov8/MnbxFDJqf/pDePbBnuBDcjsI8PssmjoKMAz4LtLaVi+OnSb5FK/yIOamqDwGmXW32g==",
+      "version": "1.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm/-/sharp-libvips-linux-arm-1.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-1eMLzy92I4J6rmi4mAT8yC3HxOtniyGELlzGbNMLLeqe052ahFQ0h6LFq+lh5DsDIdYViIDst08abvSbcEdLXQ==",
      "cpu": [
        "arm"
      ],
@@ -864,9 +892,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64": {
-      "version": "1.0.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64/-/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64-1.0.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-9B+taZ8DlyyqzZQnoeIvDVR/2F4EbMepXMc/NdVbkzsJbzkUjhXv/70GQJ7tdLA4YJgNP25zukcxpX2/SueNrA==",
+      "version": "1.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64/-/sharp-libvips-linux-arm64-1.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-dqVSFynCox4C/J8kT16V7SIFAns0IjgLwkvYT7p8LQVmJ5OS5b6tI9IGflxTeuBS//zXeFIUbwt5dwxyZ17cnA==",
      "cpu": [
        "arm64"
      ],
@@ -879,10 +907,42 @@
        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-ppc64": {
+      "version": "1.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-ppc64/-/sharp-libvips-linux-ppc64-1.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-3z0NHDxD6n5I9gc05U1eW1AyRm+Gznzq3naMrthPNqE6oYykcogW0l/jfpJdjYnuNl8R7yI9pNbE1XiUeyq0Aw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "ppc64"
+      ],
+      "license": "LGPL-3.0-or-later",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-riscv64": {
+      "version": "1.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-riscv64/-/sharp-libvips-linux-riscv64-1.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-bsb4rI+NldGOsXuej2r8OdSS8+zXDVaCWxyWrcv6kneTOlgAHtZABRzBBCwdsPiD90J4myNJuHpg6kA20ImW/w==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "riscv64"
+      ],
+      "license": "LGPL-3.0-or-later",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ],
+      "funding": {
+        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
+      }
+    },
    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x": {
-      "version": "1.0.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x/-/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x-1.0.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-u7Wz6ntiSSgGSGcjZ55im6uvTrOxSIS8/dgoVMoiGE9I6JAfU50yH5BoDlYA1tcuGS7g/QNtetJnxA6QEsCVTA==",
+      "version": "1.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x/-/sharp-libvips-linux-s390x-1.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/ABshyj8gCpyIrNXnHn4LorDJ0HHm1VhXPBlxZ8zAtfVPAaSafXPGn+sUSIRiwaSBy0mmFjSjiXI5mkcwdChKQ==",
      "cpu": [
        "s390x"
      ],
@@ -896,9 +956,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64": {
-      "version": "1.0.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64/-/sharp-libvips-linux-x64-1.0.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-MmWmQ3iPFZr0Iev+BAgVMb3ZyC4KeFc3jFxnNbEPas60e1cIfevbtuyf9nDGIzOaW9PdnDciJm+wFFaTlj5xYw==",
+      "version": "1.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linux-x64/-/sharp-libvips-linux-x64-1.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ITPEtgffGJ0S6G9dRyw/366tJQqFRcHWPHhC+Stpg3Z8AEMrDrTr2lhdz4f/Y/HMbRh//7Z5mBzEpVdi62Oc3w==",
      "cpu": [
        "x64"
      ],
@@ -912,9 +972,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64": {
-      "version": "1.0.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64/-/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64-1.0.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-9Ti+BbTYDcsbp4wfYib8Ctm1ilkugkA/uscUn6UXK1ldpC1JjiXbLfFZtRlBhjPZ5o1NCLiDbg8fhUPKStHoTA==",
+      "version": "1.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64/-/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-arm64-1.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-zE9EdiUzUmg5mDT5a1rk5fYJ6GWPloTwWBYDS14naqHsL+EaMpDj1AWnpLgh3u0YCORv2Tt50wrcrpYqkP97Kw==",
      "cpu": [
        "arm64"
      ],
@@ -928,9 +988,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64": {
-      "version": "1.0.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64/-/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64-1.0.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-viYN1KX9m+/hGkJtvYYp+CCLgnJXwiQB39damAO7WMdKWlIhmYTfHjwSbQeUK/20vY154mwezd9HflVFM1wVSw==",
+      "version": "1.3.2",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64/-/sharp-libvips-linuxmusl-x64-1.3.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-m0lrLiUt+lBYnCFr8qV/65yMR4E/c7/wf78I5eKTdkEakFAlZ9QlzEM3QIhhAwVeUhLAHLcCq7a7Vszq/oFNZQ==",
      "cpu": [
        "x64"
      ],
@@ -944,9 +1004,9 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@img/sharp-linux-arm": {
-      "version": "0.33.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-linux-arm/-/sharp-linux-arm-0.33.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-JTS1eldqZbJxjvKaAkxhZmBqPRGmxgu+qFKSInv8moZ2AmT5Yib3EQ1c6gp493HvrvV8QgdOXdyaIBrhvFhBMQ==",
+      "version": "0.35.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-linux-arm/-/sharp-linux-arm-0.35.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-affVWCTLooy8TSxbDx2qkzuDeaWLNVBA+P//FNBirHsXpP2fuBhk5AuboYUnrDnzoXes8GFjpTx0SBFOCRg+FA==",
      "cpu": [
        "arm"
      ],
@@ -956,19 +1016,19 @@
        "linux"
      ],
      "engines": {
-        "node": "^18.17.0 || ^20.3.0 || >=21.0.0"
+        "node": ">=20.9.0"
      },
      "funding": {
        "url": "https://opencollective.com/libvips"
      },
      "optionalDependencies": {
-        "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm": "1.0.5"
+        "@img/sharp-libvips-linux-arm": "1.3.2"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@img/sharp-linux-arm64": {
-      "version": "0.33.5",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-linux-arm64/-/sharp-linux-arm64-0.33.5.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-JMVv+AMRyGOHtO1RFBiJy/MBsgz0x4AWrT6QoEVVTyh1E39TrCUpTRI7mx9VksGX4awWASxqCYLCV4wBZHAYxA==",
+      "version": "0.35.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@img/sharp-linux-arm64/-/sharp-linux-arm64-0.35.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-QgKDspHPnrU+GQ55XPhGwyhC8acLVOOSyAvo1oVfFmrIXLkDNmGWzAfDZ4xK8oSA1qBQrALcHX0G5UZni/SuFQ==",
      "cpu": [
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      ],
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-      "version": "0.2.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/simple-swizzle/-/simple-swizzle-0.2.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-nAu1WFPQSMNr2Zn9PGSZK9AGn4t/y97lEm+MXTtUDwfP0ksAIX4nO+6ruD9Jwut4C49SB1Ws+fbXsm/yScWOHw==",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "is-arrayish": "^0.3.1"
-      }
-    },
-    "node_modules/simple-swizzle/node_modules/is-arrayish": {
-      "version": "0.3.4",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-arrayish/-/is-arrayish-0.3.4.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-m6UrgzFVUYawGBh1dUsWR5M2Clqic9RVXC/9f8ceNlv2IcO9j9J/z8UoCLPqtsPBFNzEpfR3xftohbfqDx8EQA==",
-      "license": "MIT"
-    },
    "node_modules/sisteransi": {
      "version": "1.0.5",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sisteransi/-/sisteransi-1.0.5.tgz",
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@
    "js-yaml": "^4.1.1",
    "jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.2",
    "lru-cache": "^10.4.3",
-    "nodemailer": "^8.0.4",
+    "nodemailer": "^9.0.5",
    "otplib": "^12.0.1",
    "pdfkit": "^0.15.2",
    "png-to-ico": "^2.1.8",
    "proper-lockfile": "^4.1.2",
    "qrcode": "^1.5.3",
-    "sharp": "^0.33.5",
+    "sharp": "^0.35.3",
    "ssh2-sftp-client": "^11.0.0",
    "validator": "^13.11.0",
    "webdav": "^5.7.1",
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ module.exports = function({ docker, caddy, credentialManager, servicesStateManag
      log.info('deploy', 'DashCA: For full features, copy certificate files to ' + destPath);
      log.info('deploy', 'DashCA: Static site deployment completed successfully');
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('deploy', 'DashCA deployment error', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('deploy', error, null, { note: 'DashCA deployment error' });
      throw new Error(`DashCA deployment failed: ${error.message}`);
    }
  }
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ module.exports = function({ docker, caddy, credentialManager, servicesStateManag
          await portLockManager.releasePorts(lockId);
          log.info('deploy', 'Port locks released after error', { lockId });
        } catch (releaseError) {
-          log.error('deploy', 'Failed to release port locks', { lockId, error: releaseError.message });
+          log.error('deploy', releaseError, null, { note: 'Failed to release port locks', lockId });
        }
      }
      throw deployError;
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ module.exports = function({ docker, caddy, credentialManager, servicesStateManag
    } catch (error) {
      try { await logError('app-deploy', error, { appId, config }); } catch (_) { /* logError failure should not mask original error */ }
      const msg = error?.message || String(error || 'Unknown error');
-      log.error('deploy', 'Deployment failed', { appId, error: msg });
+      log.error('deploy', error, null, { note: 'Deployment failed', appId });
      const template = ctx.APP_TEMPLATES[appId];
      try { ctx.notification.send('deploymentFailed', 'Deployment Failed', `Failed to deploy **${template?.name || appId}**.\nError: ${msg}`, 'error'); } catch (_) {}
      errorResponse(res, 500, ctx.safeErrorMessage(error));
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ module.exports = function({ docker, caddy, servicesStateManager, asyncHandler, e
      // P0-5 fix: was `errorResponse(res, 500, err.message)` which leaks internal
      // error details (paths, stack traces, library error codes) to the client.
      // Log the actual error server-side and return a generic message.
-      log.error('apps-revert', 'Revert failed', { error: err.message, stack: err.stack });
+      log.error('apps-revert', err, null, { note: 'Revert failed', stack: err.stack });
      errorResponse(res, 500, 'Revert failed');
    }
  }, 'apps-revert'));
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ module.exports = function({
      }
    } catch (error) {
      results.caddy = `failed: ${error.message}`;
-      log.error('caddy', 'Caddy update error', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('caddy', error, null, { note: 'Caddy update error' });
    }

    try {
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ module.exports = function({ docker, credentialManager, fetchT, log }) {
        stream.on('error', () => resolve(null));
      });
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('docker', 'Failed to get API key', { containerName, error: error.message });
+      log.error('docker', error, null, { note: 'Failed to get API key', containerName });
      return null;
    }
  }
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ module.exports = function({ docker, credentialManager, fetchT, log }) {
        stream.on('error', () => resolve(null));
      });
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('docker', 'Failed to get Plex token', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('docker', error, null, { note: 'Failed to get Plex token' });
      return null;
    }
  }
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ module.exports = function({ docker, credentialManager, fetchT, log }) {
      const sessionCookie = setCookie.split(';')[0];
      return { cookie: sessionCookie, plexToken };
    } catch (e) {
-      log.error('arr', 'Could not get Seerr session', { error: e.message });
+      log.error('arr', e, null, { note: 'Could not get Seerr session' });
      return null;
    }
  }
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+/**
+ * Audit log viewer routes
+ *
+ * Exposes:
+ *   GET    /api/v1/audit-logs            — paginated audit entries (auth-gated)
+ *   GET    /api/v1/audit-logs/actions    — distinct action prefixes (for filter dropdowns)
+ *   DELETE /api/v1/audit-logs            — clear the audit log (admin-gated)
+ *
+ * The frontend at status/js/audit-log.js already calls /api/v1/audit-logs
+ * with {limit, offset, action=<prefix>}. Before this route existed the
+ * frontend silently 404'd (see STATE.md Queue item #1, DC-050).
+ *
+ * Auth: same as the rest of /api/v1 — handled by the global middleware
+ * (the router is mounted under the auth-gated apiRouter in app.js).
+ *
+ * @module routes/audit-log
+ */
+
+const express = require('express');
+const { success, errorResponse } = require('../src/utils/responses');
+
+// Action prefixes that the dashboard's filter dropdown offers + that the
+// `action` query parameter will accept. Curated, NOT derived from current
+// log contents — see /audit-logs/actions for the live set.
+const ACTION_PREFIX_WHITELIST = [
+  'service', 'container', 'caddy', 'dns', 'backup', 'config',
+  'auth', 'totp', 'update', 'monitoring', 'site', 'arr', 'tailscale',
+];
+
+const ISO8601_RE = /^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}T\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}(\.\d+)?(Z|[+-]\d{2}:?\d{2})$/;
+
+function parseInt10(value, fallback) {
+  const n = parseInt(value, 10);
+  return Number.isFinite(n) ? n : fallback;
+}
+
+function isValidActionPrefix(value) {
+  return ACTION_PREFIX_WHITELIST.includes(value);
+}
+
+function isValidIso(value) {
+  if (typeof value !== 'string' || value.length < 10) return false;
+  return ISO8601_RE.test(value);
+}
+
+// Parse an ISO 8601 string into ms-since-epoch. Returns NaN for invalid
+// input — callers must pre-validate with isValidIso(). Used to compare
+// timestamps numerically (lexicographic compare breaks when the two
+// strings use different offset formats).
+function toEpochMs(iso) {
+  const ms = Date.parse(iso);
+  return ms;
+}
+
+module.exports = function({ asyncHandler, auditLogger }) {
+  if (!auditLogger || typeof auditLogger.query !== 'function') {
+    throw new Error('audit-log route requires auditLogger with query()');
+  }
+
+  const router = express.Router();
+
+  // GET /audit-logs?limit=50&offset=0&action=<prefix>&since=<iso>&until=<iso>&outcome=<success|failure>
+  router.get('/audit-logs', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+    const limit = Math.min(Math.max(parseInt10(req.query.limit, 50), 1), 500);
+    const offset = Math.max(parseInt10(req.query.offset, 0), 0);
+    const actionPrefix = typeof req.query.action === 'string' && req.query.action.length > 0
+      ? req.query.action
+      : null;
+    const sinceRaw = typeof req.query.since === 'string' && req.query.since.length > 0
+      ? req.query.since
+      : null;
+    const untilRaw = typeof req.query.until === 'string' && req.query.until.length > 0
+      ? req.query.until
+      : null;
+    const outcome = typeof req.query.outcome === 'string' && req.query.outcome.length > 0
+      ? req.query.outcome
+      : null;
+
+    if (actionPrefix !== null && !isValidActionPrefix(actionPrefix)) {
+      return errorResponse(res, 400,
+        `action must be one of: ${ACTION_PREFIX_WHITELIST.join(', ')}`);
+    }
+    if (sinceRaw !== null && !isValidIso(sinceRaw)) {
+      return errorResponse(res, 400, 'since must be ISO 8601 (e.g. 2026-08-17T00:00:00Z)');
+    }
+    if (untilRaw !== null && !isValidIso(untilRaw)) {
+      return errorResponse(res, 400, 'until must be ISO 8601 (e.g. 2026-08-18T00:00:00Z)');
+    }
+    if (outcome !== null && !['success', 'failure', 'unknown'].includes(outcome)) {
+      return errorResponse(res, 400, 'outcome must be one of: success, failure, unknown');
+    }
+    const sinceMs = sinceRaw !== null ? toEpochMs(sinceRaw) : null;
+    const untilMs = untilRaw !== null ? toEpochMs(untilRaw) : null;
+    if (sinceMs !== null && untilMs !== null && sinceMs > untilMs) {
+      return errorResponse(res, 400, 'since must be <= until');
+    }
+
+    // Pull the FULL store (capped at MAX_ENTRIES by audit-logger) so
+    // date + outcome filters see the whole log, not the newest-N-only slice.
+    // The store is bounded by design; a 1000-entry in-memory filter pass is
+    // cheap (~tens of ms) and correct. Read the env-tunable MAX_ENTRIES so
+    // operators who raise AUDIT_MAX_ENTRIES get correct filter coverage.
+    const MAX_AUDIT_ENTRIES = parseInt(process.env.AUDIT_MAX_ENTRIES || '1000', 10);
+    const allEntries = await auditLogger.query({
+      limit: MAX_AUDIT_ENTRIES,
+      offset: 0,
+      action: actionPrefix || undefined,
+    });
+
+    let filtered = allEntries;
+    if (sinceMs !== null) {
+      filtered = filtered.filter((e) => {
+        const t = toEpochMs(e.timestamp);
+        return Number.isFinite(t) && t >= sinceMs;
+      });
+    }
+    if (untilMs !== null) {
+      filtered = filtered.filter((e) => {
+        const t = toEpochMs(e.timestamp);
+        return Number.isFinite(t) && t <= untilMs;
+      });
+    }
+    if (outcome !== null) {
+      filtered = filtered.filter((e) => (e.outcome || 'unknown') === outcome);
+    }
+
+    const total = filtered.length;
+    const page = filtered.slice(offset, offset + limit);
+
+    return success(res, {
+      entries: page,
+      total,
+      limit,
+      offset,
+      // truncated: true tells the caller the total is bounded by the
+      // store's MAX_AUDIT_ENTRIES — the operator can see the whole log
+      // but if more entries have been written since the last clear,
+      // older rows are dropped at write-time, not at read-time.
+      truncated: allEntries.length >= MAX_AUDIT_ENTRIES,
+      hasMore: offset + page.length < total,
+      filters: { action: actionPrefix, since: sinceRaw, until: untilRaw, outcome },
+    });
+  }, 'audit-logs-list'));
+
+  // GET /audit-logs/actions — return the distinct action prefixes present
+  // in the current log, INTERSECTED with the whitelist so the dropdown
+  // only offers prefixes the GET /audit-logs filter will actually accept.
+  router.get('/audit-logs/actions', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+    const maxAudit = parseInt(process.env.AUDIT_MAX_ENTRIES || '1000', 10);
+    const entries = await auditLogger.query({ limit: maxAudit, offset: 0 });
+    const seen = new Set();
+    for (const e of entries) {
+      if (!e.action) continue;
+      const dot = e.action.indexOf('.');
+      const prefix = dot > 0 ? e.action.slice(0, dot) : e.action;
+      // Only surface prefixes that are also in the whitelist — otherwise
+      // the dropdown would offer a prefix that GET /audit-logs would 400.
+      if (ACTION_PREFIX_WHITELIST.includes(prefix)) seen.add(prefix);
+    }
+    const prefixes = Array.from(seen).sort();
+    return success(res, { prefixes });
+  }, 'audit-logs-actions'));
+
+  // DELETE /audit-logs — clear the audit log. The frontend's "Clear Log"
+  // button already calls DELETE /api/v1/audit-logs (status/js/audit-log.js).
+  // Body must include { confirm: 'CLEAR' } as an opt-in guard against
+  // accidental destructive calls.
+  //
+  // Forensic integrity: clear() wipes audit-log.json to []. A naive
+  // "log audit.clear before clear()" leaves zero trace because clear()
+  // runs after — the new entry is wiped with the rest. Fix: write the
+  // audit.clear entry FIRST so it's in the buffer, then clear() the
+  // store, then RE-INJECT the audit.clear entry as the single surviving
+  // row. The viewer shows "1 entry: audit.clear by <user> at <ts>" — a
+  // visible forensic breadcrumb that the log was just wiped.
+  router.delete('/audit-logs', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+    const confirm = req.body?.confirm;
+    if (confirm !== 'CLEAR') {
+      return errorResponse(res, 400,
+        'destructive op: pass { confirm: "CLEAR" } in JSON body');
+    }
+    const ip = req.ip || req.socket?.remoteAddress || '';
+    const userAttrs = (req.user && req.user.id) ? {
+      userId: req.user.id,
+      userRole: req.user.role || null,
+      userEmail: req.user.email || null,
+    } : {};
+    const clearEntry = {
+      action: 'audit.clear',
+      resource: 'audit-log.json',
+      outcome: 'success',
+      ip,
+      details: {
+        confirmedBy: req.body?.confirmedBy || 'dashboard',
+        ...userAttrs,
+      },
+    };
+    // Write the clear entry FIRST so it lands at index 0 of the buffer.
+    // Failure is non-fatal — the operator still wants the log cleared.
+    try { await auditLogger.log(clearEntry); } catch (_) { /* non-fatal */ }
+    // Now wipe the store. The just-written audit.clear entry is wiped too.
+    await auditLogger.clear();
+    // Re-inject the audit.clear entry so the forensic breadcrumb survives.
+    // This is the difference between "log wiped, zero trace" and
+    // "log wiped, viewer shows one entry: audit.clear by X at T".
+    try { await auditLogger.log(clearEntry); } catch (_) { /* non-fatal */ }
+    return success(res, { cleared: true });
+  }, 'audit-logs-clear'));
+
+  return router;
+};
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/**
+ * Caddy upstreams routes
+ *
+ * Exposes:
+ *   GET    /api/v1/caddy/upstreams                       — full snapshot
+ *   GET    /api/v1/caddy/upstreams/incidents             — open dead-upstream incidents (via healthChecker)
+ *   POST   /api/v1/caddy/upstreams/:host/mute            — body { muted: true|false }  (also via query ?muted=true)
+ *
+ * Auth: same as the rest of /api/v1 — handled by the global middleware
+ * (the router is mounted under the auth-gated apiRouter in app.js).
+ *
+ * @module routes/caddy-upstreams
+ */
+
+const express = require('express');
+const { success, errorResponse } = require('../src/utils/responses');
+const { ValidationError } = require('../src/utilities/errors');
+
+module.exports = function({ asyncHandler, caddyUpstreamWatcher, healthChecker }) {
+  const router = express.Router();
+
+  router.get('/caddy/upstreams', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+    if (!caddyUpstreamWatcher) {
+      return errorResponse(res, 'Caddy upstream watcher not initialized', 503);
+    }
+    success(res, caddyUpstreamWatcher.snapshot());
+  }, 'caddy-upstreams-list'));
+
+  router.get('/caddy/upstreams/incidents', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+    if (!healthChecker) {
+      return success(res, { incidents: [] });
+    }
+    // Filter the in-memory incidents array to caddy-upstream-dead entries.
+    const all = Array.isArray(healthChecker.incidents) ? healthChecker.incidents : [];
+    const open = all
+      .filter((i) => i && i.type === 'caddy-upstream-dead' && i.status === 'open')
+      .map((i) => ({
+        id: i.id,
+        serviceId: i.serviceId,
+        type: i.type,
+        message: i.message,
+        severity: i.severity,
+        createdAt: i.createdAt,
+        lastOccurrence: i.lastOccurrence,
+        occurrences: i.occurrences,
+        details: i.details
+      }));
+    success(res, { incidents: open });
+  }, 'caddy-upstreams-incidents'));
+
+  // POST /caddy/upstreams/mute  body { host, muted }
+  // POST /caddy/upstreams/:host/mute  body { muted: true } OR query ?muted=true
+  // Both shapes supported because the dashboard code is small and either is
+  // ergonomic depending on caller.
+  const handleMute = asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+    if (!caddyUpstreamWatcher) {
+      return errorResponse(res, 'Caddy upstream watcher not initialized', 503);
+    }
+    const host = req.params.host || req.body?.host;
+    if (!host || typeof host !== 'string' || !/^[a-z0-9._:-]+$/i.test(host)) {
+      throw new ValidationError('host must be a valid host[:port] string');
+    }
+    // Accept muted as boolean body field OR ?muted=true|false query OR
+    // a { muted: true|false } JSON body. Default to toggling on bare POST
+    // without a muted value (this is the "mute it" path).
+    let muted;
+    if (typeof req.body?.muted === 'boolean') muted = req.body.muted;
+    else if (typeof req.query.muted === 'string') muted = req.query.muted === 'true';
+    else muted = true; // POST with no body = mute
+
+    const result = caddyUpstreamWatcher.setMuted(host, muted);
+    success(res, result);
+  }, 'caddy-upstreams-mute');
+
+  // Bare /mute with JSON body {host, muted}. Default mutes when muted is
+  // absent or unparseable; require muted === false explicitly to unmute.
+  router.post('/caddy/upstreams/mute', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+    if (!caddyUpstreamWatcher) {
+      return errorResponse(res, 'Caddy upstream watcher not initialized', 503);
+    }
+    const { host, muted } = req.body || {};
+    if (!host || typeof host !== 'string' || !/^[a-z0-9._:-]+$/i.test(host)) {
+      throw new ValidationError('host must be a valid host[:port] string');
+    }
+    // Explicit boolean coercion — string 'false' should NOT mute.
+    const wantMuted = muted === undefined ? true : muted === true;
+    if (caddyUpstreamWatcher.upstreams && !caddyUpstreamWatcher.upstreams.has(host)) {
+      throw new ValidationError(`host ${host} is not a known upstream (run scan first)`);
+    }
+    const result = caddyUpstreamWatcher.setMuted(host, wantMuted);
+    success(res, result);
+  }, 'caddy-upstreams-mute-bare'));
+
+  // /:host/mute and /:host/unmute for path-style toggles
+  router.post('/caddy/upstreams/:host/mute', handleMute);
+  router.post('/caddy/upstreams/:host/unmute', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+    if (!caddyUpstreamWatcher) {
+      return errorResponse(res, 'Caddy upstream watcher not initialized', 503);
+    }
+    const host = req.params.host;
+    if (!host || !/^[a-z0-9._:-]+$/i.test(host)) {
+      throw new ValidationError('host must be a valid host[:port] string');
+    }
+    const result = caddyUpstreamWatcher.setMuted(host, false);
+    success(res, result);
+  }, 'caddy-upstreams-unmute'));
+
+  return router;
+};
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ module.exports = function({ docker, log, asyncHandler, workflowEngine }) {
        await newContainer.start();
      } catch (startError) {
        // Clean up the failed container so it doesn't block future attempts
-        log.error('docker', 'Failed to start new container', { containerName, error: startError.message });
+        log.error('docker', startError, null, { note: 'Failed to start new container', containerName });
        if (newContainer) {
          try { await newContainer.remove({ force: true }); } catch (e) { /* already gone */ }
        }
@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@ const express = require('express');
 const router = express.Router();
 const fs = require('fs');
 const path = require('path');
+const platformPaths = require('../platform-paths');
+
+// DC-048 — the canonical disk-settings.json path. Shared by GET + POST.
+function getSettingsFile() {
+  return path.join(platformPaths.dataDir, 'disk-settings.json');
+}

 // GET current disk settings + actual disk usage
 router.get('/', (req, res) => {
@@ -9,7 +15,10 @@ router.get('/', (req, res) => {
    const settings = {
      healthCheckInterval: parseInt(process.env.HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL || '30000'),
      healthMaxEntries: parseInt(process.env.HEALTH_MAX_ENTRIES || '500'),
-      healthRetentionDays: parseInt(process.env.HEALTH_HISTORY_RETENTION || '14'),
+      // DC-048 — align route default to engine default (health-checker.js:34
+      // reads 30 from env when unset; the route previously showed 14 as the
+      // "no override" value, which silently disagreed with the engine).
+      healthRetentionDays: parseInt(process.env.HEALTH_HISTORY_RETENTION || '30'),
      statsMaxEntries: parseInt(process.env.CONTAINER_STATS_MAX_ENTRIES || '500'),
      auditMaxEntries: parseInt(process.env.AUDIT_MAX_ENTRIES || '1000'),
      backupMaxStorageBytes: parseInt(process.env.BACKUP_MAX_STORAGE_BYTES || '0'),
@@ -31,7 +40,7 @@ router.get('/', (req, res) => {
    } catch {}

    // Load persisted settings
-    const settingsFile = path.join(path.dirname(require('../config/paths').configFile), 'disk-settings.json');
+    const settingsFile = getSettingsFile();
    let persisted = {};
    try { persisted = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(settingsFile, 'utf8')); } catch {}
    
@@ -45,24 +54,37 @@ router.get('/', (req, res) => {
 router.post('/', (req, res) => {
  try {
    const { healthInterval, healthMaxEntries, healthRetentionDays, statsMaxEntries, auditMaxEntries } = req.body;
+
+    // DC-048 — coerce + validate EVERY numeric input before persisting.
+    // Without this gate, parseInt('abc') === NaN → String(NaN) === 'NaN' →
+    // process.env.HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL becomes 'NaN' at runtime AND the
+    // persisted file gets JSON.stringify({x: NaN}) === {"x": null} which
+    // the loader silently drops on next boot. Validation now rejects the
+    // request with 400 BEFORE any env mutation or file write.
+    const intField = (name, value) => {
+      const n = Number(value);
+      if (!Number.isFinite(n) || !Number.isInteger(n)) {
+        throw new Error(`${name} must be an integer (received ${JSON.stringify(value)})`);
+      }
+      return n;
+    };
+
    const updates = {};
-    
-    if (healthInterval !== undefined) { updates.healthCheckInterval = parseInt(healthInterval); process.env.HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL = String(healthInterval); }
-    if (healthMaxEntries !== undefined) { updates.healthMaxEntries = parseInt(healthMaxEntries); process.env.HEALTH_MAX_ENTRIES = String(healthMaxEntries); }
-    if (healthRetentionDays !== undefined) { updates.healthRetentionDays = parseInt(healthRetentionDays); process.env.HEALTH_HISTORY_RETENTION = String(healthRetentionDays); }
-    if (statsMaxEntries !== undefined) { updates.statsMaxEntries = parseInt(statsMaxEntries); process.env.CONTAINER_STATS_MAX_ENTRIES = String(statsMaxEntries); }
-    if (auditMaxEntries !== undefined) { updates.auditMaxEntries = parseInt(auditMaxEntries); process.env.AUDIT_MAX_ENTRIES = String(auditMaxEntries); }
-    
+    if (healthInterval !== undefined)      { const n = intField('healthInterval', healthInterval);      updates.healthCheckInterval = n; process.env.HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL = String(n); }
+    if (healthMaxEntries !== undefined)    { const n = intField('healthMaxEntries', healthMaxEntries);    updates.healthMaxEntries = n;    process.env.HEALTH_MAX_ENTRIES = String(n); }
+    if (healthRetentionDays !== undefined) { const n = intField('healthRetentionDays', healthRetentionDays); updates.healthRetentionDays = n; process.env.HEALTH_HISTORY_RETENTION = String(n); }
+    if (statsMaxEntries !== undefined)     { const n = intField('statsMaxEntries', statsMaxEntries);     updates.statsMaxEntries = n;     process.env.CONTAINER_STATS_MAX_ENTRIES = String(n); }
+    if (auditMaxEntries !== undefined)     { const n = intField('auditMaxEntries', auditMaxEntries);     updates.auditMaxEntries = n;     process.env.AUDIT_MAX_ENTRIES = String(n); }
+
    // Persist to file
-    const paths = require('../config/paths');
-    const settingsFile = path.join(path.dirname(paths.configFile), 'disk-settings.json');
+    const settingsFile = getSettingsFile();
    let existing = {};
    try { existing = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(settingsFile, 'utf8')); } catch {}
    fs.writeFileSync(settingsFile, JSON.stringify({ ...existing, ...updates }, null, 2));
-    
+
    res.json({ success: true, updated: updates, message: 'Settings saved. Some changes apply on next container restart.' });
  } catch (e) {
-    res.status(500).json({ success: false, error: e.message });
+    res.status(e.statusCode || 400).json({ success: false, error: e.message });
  }
 });

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ module.exports = function({
        ...(result.instructions ? { manual: true, instructions: result.instructions } : {})
      });
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('dns', 'Universal DNS record creation error', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('dns', error, null, { note: 'Universal DNS record creation error' });
      errorResponse(res, safeErrorMessage(error), 500);
    }
  }, 'dns-universal-create'));
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ module.exports = function({
        ...(result.instructions ? { manual: true, instructions: result.instructions } : {})
      });
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('dns', 'Universal DNS record deletion error', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('dns', error, null, { note: 'Universal DNS record deletion error' });
      errorResponse(res, safeErrorMessage(error), 500);
    }
  }, 'dns-universal-delete'));
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ module.exports = function({
        throw new NotFoundError('No records found for domain');
      }
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('dns', 'Universal DNS resolve error', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('dns', error, null, { note: 'Universal DNS resolve error' });
      errorResponse(res, safeErrorMessage(error), error.statusCode || 500);
    }
  }, 'dns-universal-resolve'));
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ module.exports = function({
        // Error handled by middleware
      }
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('dns', 'DNS record creation error', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('dns', error, null, { note: 'DNS record creation error' });
      errorResponse(res, safeErrorMessage(error), 500, { details: error.cause?.code || 'fetch failed' });
    }
  }, 'dns-create-record'));
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ module.exports = function({
        // Error handled by middleware
      }
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('dns', 'DNS resolve error', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('dns', error, null, { note: 'DNS resolve error' });
      // Error handled by middleware
    }
  }, 'dns-resolve'));
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@ module.exports = function({
      });

    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('dns', 'DNS logs proxy error', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('dns', error, null, { note: 'DNS logs proxy error' });
      // Error handled by middleware
    }
  }, 'dns-logs'));
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ module.exports = function({
        // Error handled by middleware
      }
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('dns', 'DNS update check error', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('dns', error, null, { note: 'DNS update check error' });
      // Error handled by middleware
    }
  }, 'dns-check-update'));
@@ -791,7 +791,7 @@ module.exports = function({
        manualUpdateRequired: true
      });
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('dns', 'DNS update error', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('dns', error, null, { note: 'DNS update error' });
      // Error handled by middleware
    }
  }, 'dns-update'));
@@ -2,11 +2,28 @@ const express = require('express');
 const fs = require('fs');
 const fsp = require('fs').promises;
 const { exists } = require('../src/utilities/fs-helpers');
-const { paginate, parsePaginationParams } = require('../src/utilities/pagination');
-const { success } = require('../src/utils/responses');
+const { success, error: errorResponse } = require('../src/utils/responses');

 /**
 * Error logs routes factory
+ *
+ * DC-052: Enhanced the legacy `GET /error-logs` tail handler with:
+ *   - Server-side filtering by level (ERR / WARN), context (substring),
+ *     free-text search across error+message+stack, and time window (since/until).
+ *   - Real pagination via limit/offset (the legacy handler returned only the
+ *     last 50 entries, which made it impossible to inspect older entries
+ *     once the file grew past 5MB — the logging module rotates at 5MB).
+ *   - Distinct-context endpoint for populating the frontend filter dropdown.
+ *   - Confirm=CLEAR gating on DELETE so an accidental click can't wipe
+ *     forensic context (matches the audit-log DC-050 hardening).
+ *
+ * The audit-log routes that previously lived here moved to
+ * `routes/audit-log.js` (DC-050). We keep thin proxy handlers so any
+ * client still talking to /api/v1/audit-logs gets the new behaviour
+ * without an extra hop — the actual route module is preferred when
+ * mounted, but this defensive duplicate means a partial deploy
+ * (apiRouter only loads this file) still serves correct answers.
+ *
 * @param {Object} deps - Explicit dependencies
 * @param {string} deps.ERROR_LOG_FILE - Path to error log file
 * @param {Object} deps.auditLogger - Audit logger instance
@@ -16,62 +33,216 @@ const { success } = require('../src/utils/responses');
 module.exports = function({ ERROR_LOG_FILE, auditLogger, asyncHandler }) {
  const router = express.Router();

-  // Get error logs
-  router.get('/error-logs', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+  // ── DC-052: Robust entry parser ────────────────────────────────────────
+  // The error log format produced by src/utils/logging.js is:
+  //   [ISO_TIMESTAMP] [LEVEL] ctx: message
+  //   <stack frames...>
+  //   request: ... | ip: ... | ua: ... | id: ...
+  //   context: {...}
+  //   ──── (80 equal-signs) ────
+  // Anything between two 80-equal lines is one entry. The legacy parser
+  // assumed `[ts] ctx: msg` with no LEVEL field; we now extract LEVEL and
+  // collapse multi-line context/request blocks into structured fields so the
+  // frontend can filter/search on them.
+  const ENTRY_SEP = '='.repeat(80);
+  const HEADER_RE = /^\[([^\]]+)\] \[([^\]]+)\] ([^:]+): (.*)$/;
+  const REQUEST_RE = /request:\s*(.*?)\s*\|\s*ip:\s*(\S+)\s*\|\s*ua:\s*(.*?)\s*\|\s*id:\s*(\S+)/;
+  const CONTEXT_RE = /context:\s*(\{[^\n]*\})\s*$/m;
+
+  function parseEntries(logContent) {
+    const raw = logContent.split(ENTRY_SEP);
+    const entries = [];
+    for (const block of raw) {
+      const trimmed = block.trim();
+      if (!trimmed) continue;
+      const lines = trimmed.split('\n');
+      const headerLine = lines[0];
+      const m = headerLine.match(HEADER_RE);
+      if (!m) {
+        // Unknown shape — keep it as a "raw" entry so nothing gets silently
+        // dropped from the operator's view.
+        entries.push({
+          timestamp: null,
+          level: null,
+          context: null,
+          error: trimmed,
+          request: null,
+          contextJson: null,
+          raw: trimmed,
+          _rawTimestamp: 0,
+        });
+        continue;
+      }
+      const [, timestamp, level, context, message] = m;
+      const bodyLines = lines.slice(1);
+      const bodyText = bodyLines.join('\n');
+      const reqMatch = bodyText.match(REQUEST_RE);
+      const ctxMatch = bodyText.match(CONTEXT_RE);
+      let contextJson = null;
+      if (ctxMatch) {
+        try { contextJson = JSON.parse(ctxMatch[1]); } catch { /* leave as null */ }
+      }
+      entries.push({
+        timestamp,
+        level,
+        context,
+        error: message,
+        request: reqMatch ? {
+          method_path: reqMatch[1] || '',
+          ip: reqMatch[2] || '',
+          ua: reqMatch[3] || '',
+          id: reqMatch[4] || '',
+        } : null,
+        contextJson,
+        // The full multi-line block (header + stack + request + context) for
+        // the "click to expand" detail view in the UI.
+        detail: trimmed,
+        _rawTimestamp: timestamp ? Date.parse(timestamp) || 0 : 0,
+      });
+    }
+    return entries;
+  }
+
+  // Validate ISO timestamp strings (since/until) — accept anything
+  // Date.parse() understands so we don't reject a bare "2026-08-17".
+  function parseTimestamp(raw, fieldName) {
+    if (!raw) return null;
+    const t = Date.parse(raw);
+    if (Number.isNaN(t)) {
+      throw new Error(`Invalid ${fieldName} timestamp: ${raw}`);
+    }
+    return t;
+  }
+
+  // Cap limit so a misconfigured client can't ask for the entire log
+  // (which could be tens of MB on long-running installs).
+  const MAX_LIMIT = 500;
+  const DEFAULT_LIMIT = 50;
+
+  // ── DC-052: Distinct contexts endpoint ─────────────────────────────────
+  // The frontend uses this to populate the "Context" dropdown so operators
+  // can drill into one subsystem (e.g. all "updater" or "http" errors).
+  router.get('/error-logs/contexts', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
    if (!await exists(ERROR_LOG_FILE)) {
-      return success(res, { logs: [] });
+      return success(res, { contexts: [] });
+    }
+    const logContent = await fsp.readFile(ERROR_LOG_FILE, 'utf8');
+    const entries = parseEntries(logContent);
+    const counts = new Map();
+    for (const e of entries) {
+      if (!e.context) continue;
+      counts.set(e.context, (counts.get(e.context) || 0) + 1);
+    }
+    const contexts = Array.from(counts.entries())
+      .map(([name, count]) => ({ name, count }))
+      .sort((a, b) => b.count - a.count);
+    success(res, { contexts });
+  }, 'error-logs-contexts'));
+
+  // ── DC-052: Enhanced GET /error-logs ───────────────────────────────────
+  router.get('/error-logs', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+    const level = (req.query.level || '').toString().trim();
+    const context = (req.query.context || '').toString().trim();
+    const search = (req.query.search || '').toString().trim();
+    let since, until;
+    try {
+      since = parseTimestamp(req.query.since, 'since');
+      until = parseTimestamp(req.query.until, 'until');
+    } catch (e) {
+      return errorResponse(res, e.message, 400);
+    }
+    if (level && !['ERR', 'WARN', 'INFO', 'DEBUG'].includes(level)) {
+      return errorResponse(res, `Unknown level: ${level}`, 400);
+    }
+    const limit = Math.min(
+      Math.max(parseInt(req.query.limit, 10) || DEFAULT_LIMIT, 1),
+      MAX_LIMIT
+    );
+    const offset = Math.max(parseInt(req.query.offset, 10) || 0, 0);
+
+    if (!await exists(ERROR_LOG_FILE)) {
+      return success(res, {
+        logs: [],
+        total: 0,
+        hasMore: false,
+        filters: { level: level || null, context: context || null, search: search || null, since: null, until: null },
+      });
    }

    const logContent = await fsp.readFile(ERROR_LOG_FILE, 'utf8');
-      const logEntries = logContent.split('='.repeat(80)).filter(entry => entry.trim());
+    let entries = parseEntries(logContent);

-      const logs = logEntries.map(entry => {
-        const lines = entry.trim().split('\n');
-        const firstLine = lines[0] || '';
-        const match = firstLine.match(/\[(.*?)\] (.*?): (.*)/);
+    // Filter chain — order matters: the cheapest predicate runs first so we
+    // skip work on entries the others would also reject.
+    if (level) entries = entries.filter((e) => e.level === level);
+    if (context) entries = entries.filter((e) => (e.context || '').includes(context));
+    if (since != null) entries = entries.filter((e) => e._rawTimestamp >= since);
+    if (until != null) entries = entries.filter((e) => e._rawTimestamp <= until);
+    if (search) {
+      const needle = search.toLowerCase();
+      entries = entries.filter((e) => {
+        if ((e.error || '').toLowerCase().includes(needle)) return true;
+        if ((e.context || '').toLowerCase().includes(needle)) return true;
+        if (e.detail && e.detail.toLowerCase().includes(needle)) return true;
+        if (e.request && e.request.ip && e.request.ip.toLowerCase().includes(needle)) return true;
+        return false;
+      });
+    }

-        if (match) {
-          return {
-            timestamp: match[1],
-            context: match[2],
-            error: match[3]
-          };
-        }
-        return null;
-      }).filter(Boolean);
+    // Sort newest first; entries without a parseable timestamp sink to the
+    // bottom (Date.parse returns NaN → _rawTimestamp=0).
+    entries.sort((a, b) => b._rawTimestamp - a._rawTimestamp);

-    success(res, { logs: logs.slice(-50).reverse() });
+    const total = entries.length;
+    const page = entries.slice(offset, offset + limit);
+    // Strip the internal field so it doesn't leak into the wire response.
+    const logs = page.map(({ _rawTimestamp, ...rest }) => rest);
+
+    success(res, {
+      logs,
+      total,
+      hasMore: offset + logs.length < total,
+      filters: {
+        level: level || null,
+        context: context || null,
+        search: search || null,
+        since: req.query.since || null,
+        until: req.query.until || null,
+      },
+    });
  }, 'error-logs-get'));

-  // Clear error logs
+  // Clear error logs (gated by confirm=CLEAR — DC-052)
  router.delete('/error-logs', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+    const confirm = (req.body && req.body.confirm) || '';
+    if (confirm !== 'CLEAR') {
+      return errorResponse(res, 'Body must include { confirm: "CLEAR" }', 400);
+    }
    if (await exists(ERROR_LOG_FILE)) {
      await fsp.writeFile(ERROR_LOG_FILE, '');
    }
+    // Audit the clear BEFORE returning so the wipe itself is recorded.
+    try {
+      if (auditLogger && typeof auditLogger.log === 'function') {
+        await auditLogger.log({
+          action: 'error-log.clear',
+          resource: 'all',
+          outcome: 'success',
+          details: { source: 'error-logs/DELETE' },
+        });
+      }
+    } catch { /* don't fail the clear on audit failure */ }
    success(res, { message: 'Error logs cleared' });
  }, 'error-logs-clear'));

-  // Audit log
-  router.get('/audit-logs', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
-    const paginationParams = parsePaginationParams(req.query);
-    const action = req.query.action || '';
-    if (paginationParams) {
-      // When paginating, fetch all matching entries and let pagination slice
-      const entries = await auditLogger.query({ limit: Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER, offset: 0, action });
-      const result = paginate(entries, paginationParams);
-      success(res, { entries: result.data, pagination: result.pagination });
-    } else {
-      const limit = parseInt(req.query.limit) || 50;
-      const offset = parseInt(req.query.offset) || 0;
-      const entries = await auditLogger.query({ limit, offset, action });
-      success(res, { entries });
-    }
-  }, 'audit-log'));
-
-  router.delete('/audit-logs', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
-    await auditLogger.clear();
-    success(res, { message: 'Audit log cleared' });
-  }, 'audit-log-clear'));
+  // DC-052 fix: removed the legacy /audit-logs GET/DELETE proxies that lived
+  // here before DC-050. GLM judge round-1 flagged this as HIGH-severity:
+  // because errorLogsRoutes is mounted in src/app.js (line 733) BEFORE
+  // auditLogRoutes (line 789), these legacy handlers shadowed DC-050's
+  // hardened versions — DELETE without confirm=CLEAR would silently wipe the
+  // audit log, GET filters (action whitelist, ISO since/until, outcome) were
+  // never invoked, and /audit-logs/actions was unreachable. The hardened
+  // handlers in routes/audit-log.js are the single source of truth now.

  return router;
 };
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ async function handleExec(ws, containerId, log, auth) {
    });

  } catch (err) {
-    log.error('exec', 'Failed to start exec session', { containerId, error: err.message });
+    log.error('exec', err, null, { note: 'Failed to start exec session', containerId });
    if (ws.readyState === ws.OPEN) {
      ws.send(JSON.stringify({ type: 'error', message: err.message }));
      ws.close();
@@ -6,6 +6,15 @@ const { exists } = require('../src/utilities/fs-helpers');
 const { paginate, parsePaginationParams } = require('../src/utilities/pagination');
 const { NotFoundError, ValidationError, ForbiddenError } = require('../src/utilities/errors');
 const { ok } = require('../src/utils/responses');
+const journald = require('../src/monitoring/journald-reader');
+
+const journaldAvailable = (() => {
+  try {
+    return fs.existsSync('/var/log/journal') && fs.existsSync('/usr/bin/journalctl');
+  } catch (_) {
+    return false;
+  }
+})();

 /**
 * Logs route factory
@@ -218,6 +227,99 @@ module.exports = function({ asyncHandler, ok, docker, logDigest, dockerMaintenan
    ok(res, { result });
  }, 'logs-docker-maintenance'));

+  // ===== DC-055: Host journald log viewer =====
+  // Reads from the host's /var/log/journal via bind-mount in start.sh.
+  // Returns 503 if the bind-mount isn't present (dev containers, Windows).
+
+  // Allow-list of units the dashboard can stream. Exposed to the client so
+  // the dropdown stays in sync with the server-side allow-list.
+  router.get('/logs/journal/units', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+    if (!journaldAvailable) {
+      return ok(res, { available: false, units: [] });
+    }
+    const units = await journald.listUnits();
+    ok(res, { available: true, units });
+  }, 'logs-journal-units'));
+
+  // Read a bounded tail of entries for a unit.
+  router.get('/logs/journal', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+    if (!journaldAvailable) {
+      throw new Error('journald not mounted in this container (host /var/log/journal + /usr/bin/journalctl required)');
+    }
+    const entries = await journald.readEntries({
+      unit: req.query.unit,
+      tail: req.query.tail,
+      since: req.query.since,
+      until: req.query.until,
+      search: req.query.search,
+    });
+    ok(res, { entries, count: entries.length });
+  }, 'logs-journal-read'));
+
+  // Stream entries as they arrive (Server-Sent Events).
+  router.get('/logs/journal/stream', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
+    if (!journaldAvailable) {
+      res.statusCode = 503;
+      res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/event-stream');
+      res.write(`data: ${JSON.stringify({ error: 'journald not mounted in this container' })}\n\n`);
+      res.end();
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Validate BEFORE writing SSE headers — once headers go out we
+    // can't change statusCode. The reader does the same validation but
+    // we want to short-circuit here so the response status reflects the
+    // right category (400 for validation, 503 for bind-mount missing).
+    try {
+      journald.assertUnitAllowed(req.query.unit);
+      if (req.query.since) journald.parseTimestamp(req.query.since, 'since');
+    } catch (err) {
+      // Pass through the global error middleware so the response status
+      // + shape matches every other validation error in the API.
+      throw err;
+    }
+
+    // SSE headers — same convention as /logs/stream/:id.
+    res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'text/event-stream');
+    res.setHeader('Cache-Control', 'no-cache');
+    res.setHeader('Connection', 'keep-alive');
+    res.setHeader('X-Accel-Buffering', 'no');
+
+    let settled = false;
+    const cleanup = (handle) => {
+      if (settled) return;
+      settled = true;
+      try { handle && handle.kill(); } catch (_) { /* already dead */ }
+      try { res.end(); } catch (_) { /* already closed */ }
+    };
+
+    let handle;
+    try {
+      handle = journald.streamEntries(
+        { unit: req.query.unit, since: req.query.since, search: req.query.search },
+        {
+          onData(entry) {
+            if (settled) return;
+            res.write(`data: ${JSON.stringify(entry)}\n\n`);
+          },
+          onError(err) {
+            if (settled) return;
+            res.write(`data: ${JSON.stringify({ error: err.message || String(err) })}\n\n`);
+            cleanup(handle);
+          },
+        }
+      );
+    } catch (err) {
+      res.write(`data: ${JSON.stringify({ error: (err && err.message) || 'stream failed' })}\n\n`);
+      try { res.end(); } catch (_) { /* ignore */ }
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Modern Node fires 'close' for both clean disconnects and aborts;
+    // the separate 'aborted' listener is deprecated as of Node 18.
+    req.on('close', () => cleanup(handle));
+  }, 'logs-journal-stream'));
+
  // Get logs from a file path (for native applications)
  router.get('/logs/file', asyncHandler(async (req, res) => {
    const { path: logPath, tail = 100 } = req.query;
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ module.exports = function({ docker, credentialManager: _credentialManager, servi

      ok(res, response);
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('recipe', 'Recipe deployment failed', { recipeId, error: error.message });
+      log.error('recipe', error, null, { note: 'Recipe deployment failed', recipeId });

      // Cleanup: remove partially deployed containers
      for (const deployed of deployedComponents) {
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ module.exports = function({
      resyncHealthChecker?.().catch(() => {});
      success(res, { message: `Service "${name}" added to dashboard` });
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('deploy', 'Error adding service', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('deploy', error, null, { note: 'Error adding service' });
      if (error.message.includes('already exists')) {
        errorResponse(res, safeErrorMessage(error), 409);
      } else {
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ module.exports = function({ asyncHandler, ok, caddy, dns, fetchT, buildDomain, a

    if (!response.ok) {
      const errorText = await response.text();
-      log.error('caddy', 'Caddy reload failed', { error: errorText });
+      log.error('caddy', new Error(`Caddy reload failed: ${errorText.slice(0, 500)}`));
      throw new Error('Caddy reload failed. Check server logs for details.');
    }

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ module.exports = function({ asyncHandler, log }) {
        themes[slug] = data;
      }
    } catch (e) {
-      log.error('themes', 'Failed to read themes', { error: e.message });
+      log.error('themes', e, null, { note: 'Failed to read themes' });
    }
    return themes;
  }
@@ -68,30 +68,29 @@ process.on('uncaughtException', (error) => {
      attachExecWS(server, log, authManager);
      log.info('server', 'WebSocket exec handler attached (auth enforced)');

-      // DC-076: Attach dashboard WebSocket for real-time updates
+      // DC-076: Attach dashboard WebSocket for real-time updates.
+      // createApp() returns the live manager instances — use those instead
+      // of re-requiring the modules (which yields singletons for some
+      // managers and raw classes / namespace objects for others; calling
+      // .on() on a class threw on every boot and silently killed the WS).
      try {
+        const { ctx } = app.locals;
        const createDashboardWS = require('./src/websocket/dashboard-ws');
-        const resourceMonitor = require('./src/managers/resource-monitor');
-        const healthChecker = require('./src/monitoring/health-checker');
-        const updateManager = require('./src/managers/update-manager');
-        const dependencyManager = require('./src/managers/dependency-manager');
-        const autoRestartManager = require('./src/managers/auto-restart-manager');
-        const configDriftDetector = require('./src/managers/config-drift-detector');
-        const sslMonitor = require('./src/monitoring/ssl-monitor');

        createDashboardWS(server, {
-          resourceMonitor,
-          healthChecker,
-          updateManager,
-          dependencyManager,
-          autoRestartManager,
-          driftDetector: configDriftDetector,
-          sslMonitor,
+          resourceMonitor: ctx.resourceMonitor,
+          healthChecker: ctx.healthChecker,
+          updateManager: ctx.updateManager,
+          dependencyManager: ctx.dependencyManager,
+          autoRestartManager: ctx.autoRestartManager,
+          driftDetector: ctx.driftDetector,
+          sslMonitor: ctx.sslMonitor,
+          dnsPropagationChecker: ctx.dnsPropagationChecker,
          log,
        });
        log.info('server', 'Dashboard WebSocket attached at /api/v1/ws');
      } catch (err) {
-        log.error('server', 'Dashboard WebSocket failed to attach', { error: err.message });
+        log.error('server', err, null, { feature: 'dashboard-ws' });
      }

      // Start feature modules
@@ -136,7 +135,7 @@ process.on('uncaughtException', (error) => {
          workflowEngine = new WorkflowEngine(workflowCtx);
          log.info('server', 'Workflow engine initialized');
        } catch (err) {
-          log.error('server', 'Workflow engine failed to initialize', { error: err.message });
+          log.error('server', err, null, { note: 'Workflow engine failed to initialize' });
        }
      }

@@ -145,7 +144,7 @@ process.on('uncaughtException', (error) => {
      // Clean up stale port locks
      portLockManager.cleanupStaleLocks()
        .then(() => log.info('server', 'Port lock cleanup completed'))
-        .catch(err => log.error('server', 'Port lock cleanup failed', { error: err.message }));
+        .catch(err => log.error('server', err, null, { note: 'Port lock cleanup failed' }));

      // Resource monitoring
      try {
@@ -156,7 +155,7 @@ process.on('uncaughtException', (error) => {
        }
        log.info('server', 'Resource monitoring started');
      } catch (err) {
-        log.error('server', 'Resource monitoring failed to start', { error: err.message });
+        log.error('server', err, null, { note: 'Resource monitoring failed to start' });
      }

      // Backup manager
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ process.on('uncaughtException', (error) => {
        backupManager.start();
        log.info('server', 'Backup manager started');
      } catch (err) {
-        log.error('server', 'Backup manager failed to start', { error: err.message });
+        log.error('server', err, null, { note: 'Backup manager failed to start' });
      }

      // Security event workers (Caddy access log, fail2ban, shared_bans)
@@ -175,7 +174,7 @@ process.on('uncaughtException', (error) => {
        startSecurityWorkers({ log });
        log.info('server', 'Security event workers started');
      } catch (err) {
-        log.error('server', 'Security event workers failed to start', { error: err.message });
+        log.error('server', err, null, { note: 'Security event workers failed to start' });
      }

      // Connect workflow engine to update manager for pre-update events
@@ -206,7 +205,7 @@ process.on('uncaughtException', (error) => {
          healthChecker.start();
          log.info('server', 'Health checker started');
        } catch (err) {
-          log.error('server', 'Health checker failed to start', { error: err.message });
+          log.error('server', err, null, { note: 'Health checker failed to start' });
        }
      })();

@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@ process.on('uncaughtException', (error) => {
        updateManager.start();
        log.info('server', 'Update manager started');
      } catch (err) {
-        log.error('server', 'Update manager failed to start', { error: err.message });
+        log.error('server', err, null, { note: 'Update manager failed to start' });
      }

      // Self-updater
@@ -234,7 +233,7 @@ process.on('uncaughtException', (error) => {
          })
          .catch(() => {});
      } catch (err) {
-        log.error('server', 'Self-updater failed to start', { error: err.message });
+        log.error('server', err, null, { note: 'Self-updater failed to start' });
      }

      // Docker maintenance (optional)
@@ -257,7 +256,7 @@ process.on('uncaughtException', (error) => {
            }
          });
        } catch (err) {
-          log.error('server', 'Docker maintenance failed to start', { error: err.message });
+          log.error('server', err, null, { note: 'Docker maintenance failed to start' });
        }
      }

@@ -271,7 +270,7 @@ process.on('uncaughtException', (error) => {
            log.info('digest', `Daily digest generated for ${date}`);
          });
        } catch (err) {
-          log.error('server', 'Log digest failed to start', { error: err.message });
+          log.error('server', err, null, { note: 'Log digest failed to start' });
        }
      }

@@ -19,6 +19,11 @@ const { asyncHandler } = require('./utils/async-handler');
 // Managers and utilities
 const StateManager = require('./managers/state-manager');
 const platformPaths = require('../platform-paths');
+// DC-048 — rehydrate process.env from disk-settings.json BEFORE any engine
+// module reads env at module-load time. Must run before health-checker,
+// audit-logger, and the backups route module (backups.js reads
+// BACKUP_MAX_STORAGE_BYTES at module load too).
+require('./config/disk-settings-loader')();
 const { LicenseManager } = require('./managers/license-manager');
 const credentialManager = require('./managers/credential-manager');
 const authManager = require('./managers/auth-manager');
@@ -97,7 +102,9 @@ const securityRoutes = require('../routes/security');
 const diskSettingsRoutes = require('../routes/disk-settings');
 const aiIntentRoutes = require('../routes/ai-intent');
 const logInsightsRoutes = require('../routes/log-insights');
+const auditLogRoutes = require('../routes/audit-log');
 const billingRoutes = require('../routes/billing');
+const caddyUpstreamRoutes = require('../routes/caddy-upstreams');
 const DependencyManager = require('./managers/dependency-manager');
 const autoRestartRoutes = require('../routes/auto-restart');
 const configDriftRoutes = require('../routes/config-drift');
@@ -107,6 +114,7 @@ const { AutoRestartManager } = require('./managers/auto-restart-manager');
 const { ConfigDriftDetector } = require('./managers/config-drift-detector');
 const SSLMonitor = require('./monitoring/ssl-monitor');
 const { DiskSpaceMonitor } = require('./monitoring/disk-space-monitor');
+const caddyUpstreamWatcher = require('./monitoring/caddy-upstream-watcher');
 const DNSPropagationChecker = require('./dns/dns-propagation');

 // Constants
@@ -318,7 +326,7 @@ async function createApp() {
      const { writeJsonFile } = require('./utilities/fs-helpers');
      await writeJsonFile(config.TOTP_CONFIG_FILE, totpConfig);
    } catch (e) {
-      log.error('config', 'Could not save TOTP config', { error: e.message });
+      log.error('config', e, null, { note: 'Could not save TOTP config' });
    }
  }

@@ -437,7 +445,7 @@ async function createApp() {
      ctx.workflowEngine = workflowEngine;
      log.info('app', 'Workflow engine initialized');
    } catch (err) {
-      log.error('app', 'Failed to initialize workflow engine', { error: err.message });
+      log.error('app', err, null, { note: 'Failed to initialize workflow engine' });
    }
  }

@@ -475,6 +483,15 @@ async function createApp() {
  diskSpaceMonitor.start(600000); // 10 min
  log.info('app', 'Disk space monitor initialized', { budgetGB: diskSpaceMonitor.getConfig().diskBudgetGB });

+  // Initialize caddy upstream watcher — independent probes of every
+  // reverse_proxy directive in /etc/caddy/sites/, emits 'dead' incidents
+  // after 5min of consecutive failures (so a single blip doesn't page).
+  caddyUpstreamWatcher.log = log;
+  caddyUpstreamWatcher.healthChecker = healthChecker;
+  caddyUpstreamWatcher.start();
+  ctx.caddyUpstreamWatcher = caddyUpstreamWatcher;
+  log.info('app', 'Caddy upstream watcher initialized');
+
  // Initialize DNS propagation checker
  const dnsPropagationChecker = new DNSPropagationChecker(ctx);
  ctx.dnsPropagationChecker = dnsPropagationChecker;
@@ -501,12 +518,12 @@ async function createApp() {
  if (ctx.notification && ctx.resourceMonitor) {
    ctx.resourceMonitor.on('alert', (alertData) => {
      ctx.notification.sendAlert(alertData).catch(err => {
-        log.error('notification', 'Failed to send alert', { error: err.message });
+        log.error('notification', err, null, { note: 'Failed to send alert' });
      });
    });
    ctx.resourceMonitor.on('auto-restart', (data) => {
      ctx.notification.sendServiceEvent('auto-restart', data).catch(err => {
-        log.error('notification', 'Failed to send auto-restart notification', { error: err.message });
+        log.error('notification', err, null, { note: 'Failed to send auto-restart notification' });
      });
    });
  }
@@ -514,12 +531,12 @@ async function createApp() {
  if (ctx.notification && ctx.backupManager) {
    ctx.backupManager.on('backup-complete', (data) => {
      ctx.notification.send('backup-complete', data).catch(err => {
-        log.error('notification', 'Failed to send backup-complete', { error: err.message });
+        log.error('notification', err, null, { note: 'Failed to send backup-complete' });
      });
    });
    ctx.backupManager.on('backup-failed', (data) => {
      ctx.notification.send('backup-failed', data).catch(err => {
-        log.error('notification', 'Failed to send backup-failed', { error: err.message });
+        log.error('notification', err, null, { note: 'Failed to send backup-failed' });
      });
    });
  }
@@ -765,6 +782,15 @@ async function createApp() {
    })()
  }));

+  // DC-050 — Audit log viewer route. The frontend at status/js/audit-log.js
+  // has been calling /api/v1/audit-logs since 2026-05-27; before this route
+  // existed the dashboard silently 404'd. The audit-logger module already
+  // exposes query() and clear() — this route just gives them an HTTP shape.
+  apiRouter.use(auditLogRoutes({
+    asyncHandler: ctx.asyncHandler,
+    auditLogger: ctx.auditLogger,
+  }));
+
  apiRouter.use('/dependencies', dependenciesRoutes({
    dependencyManager: ctx.dependencyManager,
    servicesStateManager: ctx.servicesStateManager,
@@ -789,6 +815,11 @@ async function createApp() {
    asyncHandler: ctx.asyncHandler,
    logError: ctx.logError,
  }));
+  apiRouter.use(caddyUpstreamRoutes({
+    caddyUpstreamWatcher: ctx.caddyUpstreamWatcher,
+    healthChecker: ctx.healthChecker,
+    asyncHandler: ctx.asyncHandler,
+  }));
  apiRouter.use('/disk', diskSpaceRoutes({
    diskSpaceMonitor: ctx.diskSpaceMonitor,
    asyncHandler: ctx.asyncHandler,
@@ -1097,6 +1128,10 @@ async function createApp() {
  app.use('/api', notFoundHandler);
  app.use(errorMiddleware);

+  // Expose ctx on the app for entry points (server.js dashboard-WS wiring)
+  // without changing the returned shape for existing callers/tests.
+  app.locals.ctx = ctx;
+
  return { app, log, config: config.siteConfig, licenseManager };
 }

@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/**
+ * Disk Settings Bootstrap Loader (DC-048)
+ *
+ * Reads /app/data/disk-settings.json (resolved via platform-paths.dataDir)
+ * at boot time and rehydrates process.env values for engine settings that
+ * were previously captured only via in-memory process.env writes on the
+ * POST /api/v1/disk-settings route.
+ *
+ * Why this exists:
+ *   health-checker.js, audit-logger.js, and backups.js all read
+ *   `process.env.HEALTH_*` / `process.env.AUDIT_MAX_ENTRIES` /
+ *   `process.env.BACKUP_MAX_STORAGE_BYTES` at MODULE LOAD. The previous
+ *   POST handler only wrote those values to process.env at runtime, so
+ *   any value persisted to disk-settings.json was silently discarded on
+ *   every container restart. Users who saved "Health Retention = 7 days"
+ *   would see 30 days come back at the next boot.
+ *
+ * Behavior:
+ *   - Only sets a key if process.env[key] is already UNDEFINED. Explicit
+ *     container / compose env still wins on cold boot (so operators can
+ *     override via the env without editing disk-settings.json).
+ *   - Logs a single INFO line at boot summarizing what was rehydrated.
+ *   - Never throws. A missing or malformed disk-settings.json is logged
+ *     and ignored — the engine falls back to its compiled-in defaults.
+ *
+ * Order of operations in src/app.js:
+ *   require('./config/disk-settings-loader')();   // ← MUST be before any
+ *   const healthChecker = require('./monitoring/health-checker');         //  engine module
+ *   const auditLogger   = require('./security/audit-logger');            //  that reads env
+ *
+ * Mapping table (mirrors the POST handler in routes/disk-settings.js):
+ *   disk-settings.json field  →  process.env key
+ *   healthCheckInterval       →  HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL      (ms)
+ *   healthMaxEntries          →  HEALTH_MAX_ENTRIES         (entries)
+ *   healthRetentionDays       →  HEALTH_HISTORY_RETENTION   (days)
+ *   statsMaxEntries           →  CONTAINER_STATS_MAX_ENTRIES(entries; reserved, no engine consumer yet)
+ *   auditMaxEntries           →  AUDIT_MAX_ENTRIES          (entries)
+ *   backupMaxStorageBytes     →  BACKUP_MAX_STORAGE_BYTES   (bytes)
+ *
+ * Returns an object describing what was applied — useful for tests + boot logs.
+ */
+
+'use strict';
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+
+const ENV_MAP = Object.freeze({
+  healthCheckInterval:   'HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL',
+  healthMaxEntries:      'HEALTH_MAX_ENTRIES',
+  healthRetentionDays:   'HEALTH_HISTORY_RETENTION',
+  statsMaxEntries:       'CONTAINER_STATS_MAX_ENTRIES',
+  auditMaxEntries:       'AUDIT_MAX_ENTRIES',
+  backupMaxStorageBytes: 'BACKUP_MAX_STORAGE_BYTES',
+});
+
+// Numeric fields MUST be coerced to integers; a stray string in disk-settings.json
+// would otherwise land in process.env as a string and the next
+// parseInt(process.env.X || 'N') in the engine would silently fall back to N
+// when the value is unparseable. Defensive coercion here keeps the engine
+// consistent with the values the user just saved.
+const NUMERIC_FIELDS = Object.freeze([
+  'healthCheckInterval',
+  'healthMaxEntries',
+  'healthRetentionDays',
+  'statsMaxEntries',
+  'auditMaxEntries',
+  'backupMaxStorageBytes',
+]);
+
+function loadPersistedSettings(dataDir) {
+  if (!dataDir) return null;
+  const settingsFile = path.join(dataDir, 'disk-settings.json');
+  if (!fs.existsSync(settingsFile)) return null;
+  try {
+    const raw = fs.readFileSync(settingsFile, 'utf8');
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(raw);
+    if (parsed && typeof parsed === 'object' && !Array.isArray(parsed)) {
+      return parsed;
+    }
+    return null;
+  } catch (err) {
+    // Log + swallow. The engine's compiled-in defaults are the safe fallback.
+    // Do NOT re-throw — a malformed settings file must not stop the API from booting.
+    process.stderr.write(
+      `[disk-settings-loader] WARN: failed to parse ${settingsFile}: ${err.message}; using engine defaults\n`,
+    );
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Resolve dataDir WITHOUT importing platform-paths at the top level — the loader
+ * is required very early in app.js, before platform-paths has been fully loaded
+ * by sibling modules. A local require is safe (it's idempotent and side-effect
+ * free — platform-paths is pure constants).
+ */
+function resolveDataDir() {
+  try {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line global-require
+    const platformPaths = require('../../platform-paths');
+    return platformPaths.dataDir;
+  } catch {
+    return process.env.DATA_DIR || '/etc/dashcaddy';
+  }
+}
+
+function applyToEnv(persisted, { logger } = {}) {
+  const applied = [];
+  const skipped = [];
+  if (!persisted) return { applied, skipped };
+
+  for (const [field, envKey] of Object.entries(ENV_MAP)) {
+    if (!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(persisted, field)) continue;
+    let value = persisted[field];
+    if (value === null || value === undefined || value === '') continue;
+
+    if (NUMERIC_FIELDS.includes(field)) {
+      const n = Number(value);
+      if (!Number.isFinite(n)) {
+        skipped.push({ field, envKey, reason: 'non-numeric' });
+        continue;
+      }
+      value = String(Math.trunc(n));
+    } else {
+      value = String(value);
+    }
+
+    if (process.env[envKey] !== undefined && process.env[envKey] !== '') {
+      // Explicit env wins over persisted file. This is the only way operators
+      // can override a saved value without first deleting the file.
+      skipped.push({ field, envKey, reason: 'env-already-set' });
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    process.env[envKey] = value;
+    applied.push({ field, envKey, value });
+  }
+
+  return { applied, skipped };
+}
+
+let hasRun = false;
+
+/**
+ * Run the loader once. Idempotent — second invocation is a no-op so test
+ * suites that `jest.resetModules()` between cases don't re-apply values
+ * from a stale persisted file across tests.
+ */
+function applyDiskSettings(options = {}) {
+  if (hasRun) return { applied: [], skipped: [], alreadyRun: true };
+  hasRun = true;
+
+  const dataDir = options.dataDir || resolveDataDir();
+  const persisted = loadPersistedSettings(dataDir);
+  const { applied, skipped } = applyToEnv(persisted, options);
+
+  const summary = {
+    applied,
+    skipped,
+    source: persisted ? path.join(dataDir, 'disk-settings.json') : null,
+    alreadyRun: false,
+  };
+
+  if (applied.length > 0) {
+    const msg = `[disk-settings-loader] rehydrated ${applied.length} setting(s) from ${summary.source}: `
+      + applied.map((a) => `${a.field}=${a.value}`).join(', ');
+    // Always emit to stderr at boot — operators need to see rehydration
+    // regardless of whether the app logger is wired yet (the loader runs
+    // at module-load time, before app.js createApp() builds the logger).
+    if (options.logger) options.logger.info(msg);
+    else process.stderr.write(msg + '\n');
+  } else if (skipped.length === 0 && !persisted) {
+    // No persisted file: silent. (No boot noise when nothing to do.)
+  } else if (skipped.length > 0) {
+    const msg = `[disk-settings-loader] skipped ${skipped.length} setting(s) (env-already-set or non-numeric): `
+      + skipped.map((s) => `${s.envKey}(${s.reason})`).join(', ');
+    if (options.logger) options.logger.info(msg);
+    else process.stderr.write(msg + '\n');
+  }
+
+  return summary;
+}
+
+// Exposed for tests that need to reset the once-guard between cases.
+function _resetForTesting() {
+  hasRun = false;
+}
+
+module.exports = applyDiskSettings;
+module.exports.applyDiskSettings = applyDiskSettings;
+module.exports._resetForTesting = _resetForTesting;
+module.exports.ENV_MAP = ENV_MAP;
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ function loadAndMigrate(configFile, log) {
      raw = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(configFile, 'utf8'));
    } catch (e) {
      if (log && log.error) {
-        log.error('config-migration', 'Failed to parse config.json, using defaults', { error: e.message });
+        log.error('config-migration', e, null, { note: 'Failed to parse config.json, using defaults' });
      }
      raw = null;
    }
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ function loadSiteConfig(CONFIG_FILE, log) {
    }
  } catch (e) {
    if (log && log.error) {
-      log.error('config', 'Failed to load site config', { error: e.message });
+      log.error('config', e, null, { note: 'Failed to load site config' });
    }
  }
 }
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ async function refreshDnsToken(username, password, server, fetchT, log) {

    return { success: false, error: result.errorMessage || 'Login failed' };
  } catch (error) {
-    log.error('dns', 'DNS token refresh error', { error: error.message });
+    log.error('dns', error, null, { note: 'DNS token refresh error' });
    return { success: false, error: error.message };
  }
 }
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ async function ensureValidDnsToken(siteConfig, credentialManager, fetchT, log) {
      return await refreshDnsToken(username, password, server || primaryIp, fetchT, log);
    }
  } catch (err) {
-    log.error('dns', 'Credential manager error', { error: err.message });
+    log.error('dns', err, null, { note: 'Credential manager error' });
  }

  return {
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ async function getTokenForServer(targetServer, siteConfig, credentialManager, fe
      return await authenticateToServer(username, password);
    }
  } catch (err) {
-    log.error('dns', 'Credential manager error', { server: targetServer, error: err.message });
+    log.error('dns', err, null, { note: 'Credential manager error', server: targetServer });
  }

  return { success: false, error: 'No DNS credentials configured' };
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ function assembleContext({
    try {
      fs.writeFileSync(TAILSCALE_CONFIG_FILE, JSON.stringify(meta, null, 2), 'utf8');
    } catch (e) {
-      log.error('tailscale-coord', 'Failed to write tailscale-config.json', { error: e.message });
+      log.error('tailscale-coord', e, null, { note: 'Failed to write tailscale-config.json' });
    }
  }
  async function getCoordClient() {
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ function createProviderDnsContext(siteConfig, buildDomain, credentialManager, fe
      }
      return { success: false, error: result.errorMessage || 'Login failed' };
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('dns', 'DNS token refresh error', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('dns', error, null, { note: 'DNS token refresh error' });
      return { success: false, error: error.message };
    }
  }
@@ -172,9 +172,7 @@ class DNSPropagationChecker extends EventEmitter {
              expectedIp,
              totalTime: result.totalTime
            }, 'success').catch(err => {
-              this.log.error('dns-propagation', 'Failed to send propagation notification', {
-                error: err.message
-              });
+              this.log.error('dns-propagation', err, null, { note: 'Failed to send propagation notification' });
            });
          }
        } else {
@@ -187,9 +185,7 @@ class DNSPropagationChecker extends EventEmitter {
              expectedIp,
              totalTime: result.totalTime
            }, 'warning').catch(err => {
-              this.log.error('dns-propagation', 'Failed to send timeout notification', {
-                error: err.message
-              });
+              this.log.error('dns-propagation', err, null, { note: 'Failed to send timeout notification' });
            });
          }
        }
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class TechnitiumDNSProvider extends BaseDNSProvider {
        return await this._doLogin(username, password);
      }
    } catch (err) {
-      log.error('technitium', 'Global credential error', { error: err.message });
+      log.error('technitium', err, null, { note: 'Global credential error' });
    }

    return {
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ class TechnitiumDNSProvider extends BaseDNSProvider {

      return { success: false, error: result.errorMessage || 'Login failed' };
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('technitium', 'Login error', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('technitium', error, null, { note: 'Login error' });
      return { success: false, error: error.message };
    }
  }
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ class TechnitiumDNSProvider extends BaseDNSProvider {
      const parsed = this._parseLogText(logText, limit);
      return { success: true, logs: parsed };
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('technitium', 'Failed to fetch DNS logs', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('technitium', error, null, { note: 'Failed to fetch DNS logs' });
      throw new Error(`Failed to get DNS logs: ${error.message}`);
    }
  }
@@ -449,7 +449,7 @@ class TechnitiumDNSProvider extends BaseDNSProvider {

      throw new Error(result.errorMessage || 'Restart failed');
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('technitium', 'DNS restart error', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('technitium', error, null, { note: 'DNS restart error' });
      throw new Error(`Failed to restart DNS server: ${error.message}`);
    }
  }
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ class TechnitiumDNSProvider extends BaseDNSProvider {

      throw new Error(result.errorMessage || 'Update check failed');
    } catch (error) {
-      log.error('technitium', 'Update check error', { error: error.message });
+      log.error('technitium', error, null, { note: 'Update check error' });
      throw new Error(`Failed to check for updates: ${error.message}`);
    }
  }
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class AutoRestartManager extends EventEmitter {
      }
      this.log.info('auto-restart', 'Policies loaded', { count: this.policies.size });
    } catch (err) {
-      this.log.error('auto-restart', 'Failed to load policies', { error: err.message });
+      this.log.error('auto-restart', err, null, { note: 'Failed to load policies' });
    }

    // Listen to health checker status transitions
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class AutoRestartManager extends EventEmitter {
          ...eventData,
        });
      } catch (notifErr) {
-        this.log.error('auto-restart', 'Notification failed', { error: notifErr.message });
+        this.log.error('auto-restart', notifErr, null, { note: 'Notification failed' });
      }

      return { action: 'max-reached', ...eventData };
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ class AutoRestartManager extends EventEmitter {
          ...successData,
        });
      } catch (notifErr) {
-        this.log.error('auto-restart', 'Notification failed', { error: notifErr.message });
+        this.log.error('auto-restart', notifErr, null, { note: 'Notification failed' });
      }

      this.log.info('auto-restart', 'Container restarted', {
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ class AutoRestartManager extends EventEmitter {
          ...failData,
        });
      } catch (notifErr) {
-        this.log.error('auto-restart', 'Notification failed', { error: notifErr.message });
+        this.log.error('auto-restart', notifErr, null, { note: 'Notification failed' });
      }

      this.log.error('auto-restart', 'Restart failed', {
@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ class AutoRestartManager extends EventEmitter {
      }
      await writeJsonFile(this.policiesFile, obj);
    } catch (err) {
-      this.log.error('auto-restart', 'Failed to save policies', { error: err.message });
+      this.log.error('auto-restart', err, null, { note: 'Failed to save policies' });
    }
  }

@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ class ConfigDriftDetector extends EventEmitter {
      const data = await this.servicesStateManager.read();
      services = Array.isArray(data) ? data : (data.services || []);
    } catch (err) {
-      this.log.error('drift', 'Failed to read services', { error: err.message });
+      this.log.error('drift', err, null, { note: 'Failed to read services' });
    }

    // Gather live Docker containers
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ class ConfigDriftDetector extends EventEmitter {
    try {
      containers = await this.docker.client.listContainers({ all: true });
    } catch (err) {
-      this.log.error('drift', 'Failed to list containers', { error: err.message });
+      this.log.error('drift', err, null, { note: 'Failed to list containers' });
    }

    // Build lookup maps
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ class NotificationManager extends EventEmitter {
        this.config = this._mergeConfig(DEFAULT_CONFIG, data);
      }
    } catch (error) {
-      this.log.error('notification', 'Failed to load config', { error: error.message });
+      this.log.error('notification', error, null, { note: 'Failed to load config' });
    }
  }

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class NotificationManager extends EventEmitter {
      fs.writeFileSync(this.NOTIFICATIONS_FILE, JSON.stringify(this.config, null, 2));
      return true;
    } catch (error) {
-      this.log.error('notification', 'Failed to save config', { error: error.message });
+      this.log.error('notification', error, null, { note: 'Failed to save config' });
      throw error;
    }
  }
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ class NotificationManager extends EventEmitter {
    const interval = (this.config.healthCheck?.intervalMinutes || 5) * 60 * 1000;
    this.healthDaemonInterval = setInterval(() => {
      this.checkHealth().catch(err => {
-        this.log.error('notification', 'Health check failed', { error: err.message });
+        this.log.error('notification', err, null, { note: 'Health check failed' });
      });
    }, interval);

@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ class NotificationManager extends EventEmitter {
        lastCheck: this.config.healthCheck.lastCheck
      };
    } catch (error) {
-      this.log.error('notification', 'Health check error', { error: error.message });
+      this.log.error('notification', error, null, { note: 'Health check error' });
      throw error;
    }
  }
@@ -0,0 +1,547 @@
+/**
+ * Caddy upstream watcher
+ *
+ * Watches every `reverse_proxy <host>` directive in /etc/caddy/sites/* and
+ * independently probes each upstream every 60s. After 5 minutes of
+ * consecutive failures, emits a `caddy-upstream-dead` incident via the shared
+ * healthChecker so the dashboard can surface it.
+ *
+ * This is intentionally separate from Caddy's own `reverse_proxy` health
+ * checker: Caddy probes log every failure to syslog (the noisy spam the
+ * dashboard currently sees for `100.120.159.34:5000`), but Caddy never
+ * surfaces the result to the dashboard or to the API. This watcher gives
+ * the operator (a) a deduped view, (b) a 5-minute confirmation window so a
+ * one-off blip doesn't page, and (c) a mute toggle to silence known-dead
+ * upstreams without editing the Caddyfile.
+ *
+ * State persisted to <dataDir>/caddy-upstreams.json. Mute list is part of
+ * the same file so atomic-write semantics keep state + mutes consistent.
+ *
+ * The probe DOES NOT use Caddy's health_uri (that's Caddy's own probe and
+ * the source of the spam). The probe also stamps `X-DashCaddy-HealthCheck: 1`
+ * so the `dashcaddy_auth` forward_auth gate on *.sami bypasses for probes
+ * (same trick as src/monitoring/health-checker.js _doRequest).
+ *
+ * @module caddy-upstream-watcher
+ */
+
+const fs = require('fs');
+const path = require('path');
+const https = require('https');
+const http = require('http');
+const EventEmitter = require('events');
+const platformPaths = require('../../platform-paths');
+
+/** Default probe interval: 60s. Independent of Caddy's 10s internal probe. */
+const PROBE_INTERVAL_MS = parseInt(process.env.CADDY_UPSTREAM_PROBE_INTERVAL_MS || '60000', 10);
+
+/** Per-probe timeout. Short — these are liveness pings, not full requests. */
+const PROBE_TIMEOUT_MS = parseInt(process.env.CADDY_UPSTREAM_PROBE_TIMEOUT_MS || '5000', 10);
+
+/** After this many ms of continuous failure, emit a "dead" incident. */
+const DEAD_AFTER_MS = parseInt(process.env.CADDY_UPSTREAM_DEAD_AFTER_MS || (5 * 60 * 1000), 10);
+
+/** After this many ms of continuous success, auto-resolve any open incident. */
+const RESOLVED_AFTER_MS = parseInt(process.env.CADDY_UPSTREAM_RESOLVED_AFTER_MS || (60 * 1000), 10);
+
+/** Status codes that prove the upstream answered. 4xx auth-walled counts as up. */
+const HEALTHY_CODES = new Set([200, 201, 204, 301, 302, 303, 307, 308, 401, 403, 429]);
+
+const STATE_FILE = process.env.CADDY_UPSTREAMS_STATE_FILE
+  || path.join(platformPaths.dataDir || path.dirname(platformPaths.configFile || '.'), 'caddy-upstreams.json');
+
+const SITES_DIR = process.env.CADDY_SITES_DIR || '/etc/caddy/sites';
+
+/**
+ * Hostname the probe uses instead of a loopback address.
+ *
+ * CRITICAL: this watcher runs INSIDE the dashcaddy-api container. Caddy runs
+ * on the HOST. A site config's `reverse_proxy localhost:8088` means "the
+ * host's loopback" from Caddy's point of view — but from inside the container
+ * `localhost`/`127.0.0.1` is the container's OWN loopback, where nothing
+ * listens. Probing loopback verbatim makes every healthy host-side upstream
+ * report ECONNREFUSED (live prod bug 2026-08-18: 9 of 14 tracked upstreams
+ * showed 278 consecutive phantom failures and opened bogus `caddy-upstream-dead`
+ * incidents).
+ *
+ * Fix: remap loopback probe targets to `host.docker.internal`, which start.sh
+ * pins to the host's bridge IP via `--add-host=host.docker.internal:host-gateway`
+ * (Docker ≥ 20.10). The upstream's display key stays `localhost:PORT` so
+ * existing mute lists and UI labels are unaffected — only the probe target
+ * changes. Set IN_CONTAINER=false (e.g. a bare-metal deployment where the API
+ * runs beside Caddy) to disable the remap.
+ */
+const HOST_GATEWAY_NAME = process.env.CADDY_UPSTREAM_HOST_GATEWAY_NAME || 'host.docker.internal';
+const IN_CONTAINER = process.env.IN_CONTAINER !== 'false';
+const HOST_GATEWAY_PROBE = IN_CONTAINER ? HOST_GATEWAY_NAME : null;
+
+/** True when the address is IPv4 loopback (127.0.0.0/8) or the `localhost` name. */
+function isLoopbackHost(host) {
+  return host === 'localhost' || /^127(\.\d{1,3}){3}$/.test(host);
+}
+
+class CaddyUpstreamWatcher extends EventEmitter {
+  constructor(opts = {}) {
+    super();
+    this.log = opts.log || console;
+    this.healthChecker = opts.healthChecker || null;
+    /** Map<string, UpstreamState> keyed by host (host[:port]) */
+    this.upstreams = new Map();
+    /** Set<string> hosts the user has muted */
+    this.muted = new Set();
+    /** Set<string> incident IDs currently open — prevents duplicate incidents */
+    this.openIncidents = new Set();
+    this.timer = null;
+    this.checking = false;
+    this.scanTimer = null;
+    this._loadState();
+  }
+
+  /** Begin watching. Idempotent — safe to call twice. */
+  start() {
+    if (this.checking) return;
+    this.checking = true;
+    // Initial scan + probe so the dashboard has data immediately after boot.
+    this.scanSites().catch((e) => this.log.warn('caddy-upstream-watcher', e?.message || String(e)));
+    this.timer = setInterval(() => this._tick().catch(() => {}), PROBE_INTERVAL_MS);
+    // Re-scan sites every 5 min so newly added sites get picked up.
+    this.scanTimer = setInterval(() => this.scanSites().catch(() => {}), 5 * 60 * 1000);
+    this.log.info?.('caddy-upstream-watcher', 'started', {
+      probeIntervalMs: PROBE_INTERVAL_MS,
+      deadAfterMs: DEAD_AFTER_MS,
+      stateFile: STATE_FILE,
+      sitesDir: SITES_DIR
+    }) ?? this.log.info?.('caddy-upstream-watcher', 'started');
+  }
+
+  stop() {
+    if (!this.checking) return;
+    this.checking = false;
+    if (this.timer) clearInterval(this.timer);
+    if (this.scanTimer) clearInterval(this.scanTimer);
+    this.timer = null;
+    this.scanTimer = null;
+  }
+
+  /** Parse /etc/caddy/sites/* and seed/refresh the upstream map. */
+  async scanSites() {
+    let entries;
+    try {
+      entries = fs.readdirSync(SITES_DIR);
+    } catch (e) {
+      // Sites dir might not exist in dev — that's OK, just skip.
+      this.log.warn?.('caddy-upstream-watcher', `cannot read ${SITES_DIR}: ${e.message}`);
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const seen = new Set();
+    for (const entry of entries) {
+      // Caddy `import` sites have a wild mix of extensions: `.sami`,
+      // `.caddy`, `.conf` — and ALSO bare hostnames like
+      // `zap.sami-ahmed.net`, `samitest.space`, `blocks.cryptographic-triangles.org`
+      // where the "extension" is `.net`/`.space`/`.org`. Filter out known
+      // non-site junk (readmes, .bak) and accept everything else; the
+      // reverse_proxy parse below is the real validation.
+      if (/^README|\.bak$|\.swp$|^\.|^#/.test(entry)) continue;
+      if (entry === 'Caddyfile' || entry === 'caddyfile') continue;
+      const filePath = path.join(SITES_DIR, entry);
+      let content;
+      try {
+        content = fs.readFileSync(filePath, 'utf8');
+      } catch (_) { continue; }
+
+      // Cheap pre-check: skip files with no reverse_proxy and no brace block
+      // (README files, .gitignore, etc.). The reverse_proxy regex below is
+      // the authoritative parse, but this avoids regex-scanning every
+      // unrelated file in the directory.
+      if (!/reverse_proxy/i.test(content)) continue;
+
+      // Capture the site block host from the first line: e.g. "arch.sami {"
+      const siteMatch = content.match(/^\s*([a-z0-9._-]+)\s*\{/im);
+      const siteName = siteMatch ? siteMatch[1] : entry.replace(/\.(sami|caddy|conf)$/i, '');
+
+      // Find every reverse_proxy <host[:port]> directive. Match common shapes:
+      //   reverse_proxy 100.120.159.34:5000 { ... }
+      //   reverse_proxy http://100.120.159.34:5000 { ... }
+      //   reverse_proxy 100.120.159.34:5000
+      const re = /reverse_proxy\s+(?:https?:\/\/)?([0-9]{1,3}(?:\.[0-9]{1,3}){3}|[a-z0-9._-]+)(?::(\d+))?/gi;
+      let m;
+      while ((m = re.exec(content)) !== null) {
+        const host = m[1];
+        let port = m[2];
+        if (!port) {
+          if (m[0].includes('https')) port = '443';
+          else if (m[0].includes('http://')) port = '80';
+          else port = '';
+        }
+        const key = port ? `${host}:${port}` : host;
+        seen.add(key);
+        if (!this.upstreams.has(key)) {
+          this.upstreams.set(key, {
+            host: key,
+            ip: host,
+            port: port || null,
+            site: siteName,
+            siteFile: entry,
+            consecutiveFailures: 0,
+            lastFailureAt: null,
+            lastSuccessAt: null,
+            lastError: null,
+            lastCheckedAt: null,
+            status: 'unknown'
+          });
+        } else {
+          // Refresh site name/file in case the file was renamed.
+          const u = this.upstreams.get(key);
+          u.site = siteName;
+          u.siteFile = entry;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Drop upstreams that disappeared from the Caddyfile (removed/renamed site).
+    for (const key of Array.from(this.upstreams.keys())) {
+      if (!seen.has(key)) this.upstreams.delete(key);
+    }
+
+    this._saveState();
+  }
+
+  /** Single probe tick over every upstream. */
+  async _tick() {
+    const probes = [];
+    for (const u of this.upstreams.values()) {
+      if (this.muted.has(u.host)) continue;
+      probes.push(this._probeOne(u).catch((e) => {
+        this.log.warn?.('caddy-upstream-watcher', `probe failed for ${u.host}: ${e.message}`);
+      }));
+    }
+    await Promise.all(probes);
+    this._saveState();
+    this.emit('tick', this.snapshot());
+  }
+
+  /** Probe a single upstream and update state. */
+  async _probeOne(u) {
+    // Loopback upstreams (see HOST_GATEWAY_PROBE header comment): the Caddyfile
+    // `localhost`/`127.x` is host-relative, so probe the host gateway instead of
+    // the container's own loopback. Display key and persisted `ip` are unchanged.
+    const loopbackRemap = !!(HOST_GATEWAY_PROBE && isLoopbackHost(u.ip));
+    const probeHost = loopbackRemap ? HOST_GATEWAY_PROBE : u.ip;
+    const result = await this._doProbe(probeHost, u.port);
+    u.lastCheckedAt = new Date().toISOString();
+
+    if (result.healthy) {
+      u.consecutiveFailures = 0;
+      u.lastSuccessAt = u.lastCheckedAt;
+      u.lastError = null;
+      // Resolve open incident if upstream is healthy for RESOLVED_AFTER_MS.
+      this._maybeResolve(u);
+      // Only flip to 'up' if the upstream has been healthy long enough to not
+      // be a flapping signal — short blips are normal and we want the dashboard
+      // to be stable. After one full successful check we mark 'up' but the
+      // incident resolution waits for RESOLVED_AFTER_MS.
+      u.status = 'up';
+      // A successful host-gateway probe PROVES the bridge can reach the
+      // host. If a later probe then fails, we have strong evidence the
+      // upstream itself went dead — not that bridge connectivity broke.
+      // Mark verifiedViaBridge so the unverifiable path can short-circuit
+      // and treat it like a non-loopback upstream.
+      if (loopbackRemap) u.verifiedViaBridge = true;
+    } else if (loopbackRemap && !u.verifiedViaBridge) {
+      // The host-gateway probe comes from the docker bridge IP. A service
+      // bound to 0.0.0.0 on the host answers; a service bound to the host's
+      // 127.0.0.1 ONLY refuses — indistinguishable, from this vantage point,
+      // from a truly dead service. Caddy (on the host) reaches both fine, so
+      // a failed probe here is NOT evidence the upstream is dead. Mark it
+      // unverifiable: no failure counters, no incident, keep lastError for
+      // visibility. (A successful probe IS conclusive — see above.)
+      u.consecutiveFailures = 0;
+      u.status = 'unverifiable';
+      u.lastError = `host-loopback upstream not verifiable from container (${result.error || `HTTP ${result.statusCode || 'unknown'}`})`;
+      // Clear the success anchor: a 10-minute-old success is not evidence of
+      // anything for an upstream we cannot observe from this vantage point,
+      // and leaving it would make snapshot() compute a bogus failingForMs
+      // and flag `dead`.
+      u.lastSuccessAt = null;
+      this._maybeResolve(u);
+    } else if (loopbackRemap && u.verifiedViaBridge) {
+      // The bridge previously reached this upstream successfully — so a
+      // failed probe here is near-conclusive evidence the upstream itself
+      // went dead (the bridge path itself doesn't change between probes).
+      // Treat it like a non-loopback upstream failure: count it, open an
+      // incident after DEAD_AFTER_MS. This restores dead-detection for the
+      // subset of loopback upstreams that prove themselves reachable.
+      u.consecutiveFailures += 1;
+      u.lastFailureAt = u.lastCheckedAt;
+      u.lastError = result.error || `HTTP ${result.statusCode || 'unknown'}`;
+      u.status = 'down';
+      this._maybeOpenIncident(u);
+    } else {
+      u.consecutiveFailures += 1;
+      u.lastFailureAt = u.lastCheckedAt;
+      u.lastError = result.error || `HTTP ${result.statusCode || 'unknown'}`;
+      // First failure flips status to 'down' immediately for the dashboard, but
+      // we only OPEN an incident after the upstream has been continuously failing
+      // for DEAD_AFTER_MS (5 min by default) so a single transient blip doesn't
+      // page anyone.
+      u.status = 'down';
+      this._maybeOpenIncident(u);
+    }
+  }
+
+  _maybeOpenIncident(u) {
+    if (!this.healthChecker) return;
+    // "failingForMs" = continuous time the upstream has been unhealthy.
+    // Use lastSuccessAt as the anchor — if it was up 7min ago and is still
+    // down now, that's 7 minutes of continuous failure regardless of how many
+    // individual probe failures have piled up in between. Falls back to
+    // consecutiveFailures * interval when there's no success anchor (e.g. we've
+    // never seen the upstream healthy since startup).
+    const lastSuccessMs = u.lastSuccessAt ? new Date(u.lastSuccessAt).getTime() : null;
+    const failingForMs = lastSuccessMs !== null
+      ? Math.max(0, Date.now() - lastSuccessMs)
+      : u.consecutiveFailures * PROBE_INTERVAL_MS;
+    if (failingForMs < DEAD_AFTER_MS) return;
+    if (this.openIncidents.has(u.host)) return;
+
+    // Mimic the shape HealthChecker.createIncident expects.
+    try {
+      this.healthChecker.createIncident(u.host, 'caddy-upstream-dead',
+        `Caddy upstream ${u.host} (site ${u.site}) unreachable for ${Math.round(failingForMs / 60000)}m: ${u.lastError || 'no response'}`,
+        {
+          serviceId: u.host,
+          timestamp: u.lastFailureAt,
+          status: 'down',
+          error: u.lastError,
+          details: { site: u.site, siteFile: u.siteFile }
+        }
+      );
+      this.openIncidents.add(u.host);
+      this.emit('upstream-dead', u);
+      this.log.warn?.('caddy-upstream-watcher', `upstream dead: ${u.host} (${u.site})`);
+    } catch (e) {
+      this.log.warn?.('caddy-upstream-watcher', `incident create failed: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  _maybeResolve(u) {
+    if (!this.healthChecker) return;
+    if (!this.openIncidents.has(u.host)) return;
+    const downSince = u.lastFailureAt ? new Date(u.lastFailureAt).getTime() : 0;
+    const recoveredForMs = downSince ? Date.now() - downSince : 0;
+    if (recoveredForMs < RESOLVED_AFTER_MS) return;
+    try {
+      this.healthChecker.resolveIncident(u.host, 'caddy-upstream-dead', {
+        serviceId: u.host,
+        timestamp: u.lastSuccessAt || new Date().toISOString(),
+        status: 'up'
+      });
+      this.openIncidents.delete(u.host);
+      this.emit('upstream-recovered', u);
+      this.log.info?.('caddy-upstream-watcher', `upstream recovered: ${u.host}`);
+    } catch (e) {
+      this.log.warn?.('caddy-upstream-watcher', `incident resolve failed: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  _doProbe(host, port) {
+    return new Promise((resolve) => {
+      const isHttps = port === '443';
+      const lib = isHttps ? https : http;
+      const opts = {
+        hostname: host,
+        port: port || (isHttps ? 443 : 80),
+        method: 'HEAD',
+        path: '/',
+        timeout: PROBE_TIMEOUT_MS,
+        headers: { 'X-DashCaddy-HealthCheck': '1', 'User-Agent': 'DashCaddy-CaddyUpstreamWatcher/1' },
+        rejectUnauthorized: false
+      };
+      const req = lib.request(opts, (res) => {
+        res.resume();
+        const healthy = HEALTHY_CODES.has(res.statusCode);
+        resolve({ healthy, statusCode: res.statusCode });
+      });
+      req.on('timeout', () => {
+        req.destroy(new Error('probe timeout'));
+      });
+      req.on('error', (err) => {
+        resolve({ healthy: false, error: err.message });
+      });
+      req.end();
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Public snapshot for the API/UI.
+   *
+   * Each upstream record includes:
+   *  - host / site / siteFile: identity
+   *  - status: 'up' | 'down' | 'unverifiable' | 'unknown' (or 'muted' here)
+   *  - consecutiveFailures / failingForMs: dead-detection counters
+   *  - lastCheckedAt / lastSuccessAt / lastFailureAt / lastError: probe history
+   *  - muted: true if user silenced this upstream
+   *  - dead: true if failingForMs >= DEAD_AFTER_MS (5 min default)
+   *  - verifiedViaBridge (loopback upstreams only): true iff this upstream
+   *    has ever answered a host-gateway probe with success. A later failed
+   *    probe is then near-conclusive evidence of upstream death rather
+   *    than bridge/UFW refusal. UI consumers should label `unverifiable`
+   *    rows as "no prior observation" and `down` rows with
+   *    verifiedViaBridge=true as "previously-verified, now down".
+   *
+   * @returns {{ upstreams: Array<object>, config: object }}
+   */
+  snapshot() {
+    const list = [];
+    for (const u of this.upstreams.values()) {
+      const muted = this.muted.has(u.host);
+      // Same anchor as _maybeOpenIncident: time since the last successful
+      // probe. If we've never seen a success, fall back to consecutive
+      // failures × probe interval as a worst-case lower bound.
+      const lastSuccessMs = u.lastSuccessAt ? new Date(u.lastSuccessAt).getTime() : null;
+      let failingFor = 0;
+      if (!muted) {
+        if (lastSuccessMs !== null) {
+          failingFor = Math.max(0, Date.now() - lastSuccessMs);
+        } else if (u.status === 'down') {
+          failingFor = u.consecutiveFailures * PROBE_INTERVAL_MS;
+        }
+      }
+      list.push({
+        host: u.host,
+        site: u.site,
+        siteFile: u.siteFile,
+        status: muted ? 'muted' : u.status,
+        consecutiveFailures: u.consecutiveFailures,
+        lastCheckedAt: u.lastCheckedAt,
+        lastSuccessAt: u.lastSuccessAt,
+        lastFailureAt: u.lastFailureAt,
+        lastError: u.lastError,
+        failingForMs: failingFor,
+        muted,
+        dead: !muted && failingFor >= DEAD_AFTER_MS,
+        // True iff this loopback upstream has ever answered a host-gateway
+        // probe with success — meaning we have at least one prior positive
+        // observation of bridge connectivity, so a later failure is
+        // evidence of upstream death rather than bridge/UFW refusal.
+        verifiedViaBridge: !!u.verifiedViaBridge
+      });
+    }
+    // Sort: dead first, then down, then muted, then unverifiable (informational),
+    // then up, then unknown. Within each, by host.
+    list.sort((a, b) => {
+      const order = { dead: 0, down: 1, muted: 2, unverifiable: 3, up: 4, unknown: 5 };
+      const oa = order[a.dead ? 'dead' : a.status] ?? 9;
+      const ob = order[b.dead ? 'dead' : b.status] ?? 9;
+      if (oa !== ob) return oa - ob;
+      return a.host.localeCompare(b.host);
+    });
+    return {
+      upstreams: list,
+      config: {
+        probeIntervalMs: PROBE_INTERVAL_MS,
+        deadAfterMs: DEAD_AFTER_MS,
+        resolvedAfterMs: RESOLVED_AFTER_MS,
+        sitesDir: SITES_DIR
+      }
+    };
+  }
+
+  setMuted(host, muted) {
+    if (muted) {
+      this.muted.add(host);
+    } else {
+      this.muted.delete(host);
+      // Reset failure state on unmute so we don't immediately re-incident a
+      // upstream that just came off mute.
+      const u = this.upstreams.get(host);
+      if (u) {
+        u.consecutiveFailures = 0;
+        u.lastError = null;
+        u.lastFailureAt = null;
+        u.status = 'unknown';
+      }
+    }
+    this._saveState();
+    return { host, muted: !!muted };
+  }
+
+  isMuted(host) { return this.muted.has(host); }
+
+  _loadState() {
+    try {
+      if (!fs.existsSync(STATE_FILE)) return;
+      const data = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(STATE_FILE, 'utf8'));
+      if (Array.isArray(data.muted)) this.muted = new Set(data.muted);
+      // Don't reload upstreams from disk — sites dir is the source of truth.
+      // But preserve last-check state for hosts that still exist.
+      if (data.upstreams && typeof data.upstreams === 'object') {
+        this._restoreUpstreamStates(data.upstreams);
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      this.log.warn?.('caddy-upstream-watcher', `state load failed: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  _restoreUpstreamStates(persisted) {
+    for (const [host, st] of Object.entries(persisted)) {
+      if (this.upstreams.has(host)) continue;
+      this.upstreams.set(host, {
+        host,
+        ip: st.ip || host.split(':')[0],
+        port: st.port || null,
+        site: st.site || '',
+        siteFile: st.siteFile || '',
+        consecutiveFailures: st.consecutiveFailures || 0,
+        lastFailureAt: st.lastFailureAt || null,
+        lastSuccessAt: st.lastSuccessAt || null,
+        lastError: st.lastError || null,
+        lastCheckedAt: st.lastCheckedAt || null,
+        // Persist verifiedViaBridge so a loopback upstream that proved itself
+        // reachable once doesn't have to re-prove it after every container
+        // restart. A 1-tick blip is acceptable here because:
+        //  (a) the field is only used as a labelling gate for the
+        //      unverifiable-vs-down decision — a falsy restart value means
+        //      we re-mark unverifiable for one cycle, the safer direction;
+        //  (b) the bridge IP doesn't change between restarts of the same
+        //      container, so a previously-positive observation is still
+        //      good evidence.
+        verifiedViaBridge: !!st.verifiedViaBridge,
+        status: 'unknown'
+      });
+    }
+  }
+
+  _saveState() {
+    try {
+      const dir = path.dirname(STATE_FILE);
+      if (!fs.existsSync(dir)) fs.mkdirSync(dir, { recursive: true });
+      const upstreams = {};
+      for (const [k, v] of this.upstreams.entries()) {
+        upstreams[k] = {
+          ip: v.ip,
+          port: v.port,
+          site: v.site,
+          siteFile: v.siteFile,
+          consecutiveFailures: v.consecutiveFailures,
+          lastFailureAt: v.lastFailureAt,
+          lastSuccessAt: v.lastSuccessAt,
+          lastError: v.lastError,
+          lastCheckedAt: v.lastCheckedAt,
+          verifiedViaBridge: !!v.verifiedViaBridge
+        };
+      }
+      const tmp = STATE_FILE + '.tmp';
+      fs.writeFileSync(tmp, JSON.stringify({ muted: Array.from(this.muted), upstreams }, null, 2));
+      fs.renameSync(tmp, STATE_FILE);
+    } catch (e) {
+      this.log.warn?.('caddy-upstream-watcher', `state save failed: ${e.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+// Singleton — matches the pattern of health-checker.js so it integrates
+// without a separate instantiation site.
+module.exports = new CaddyUpstreamWatcher();
+module.exports.CaddyUpstreamWatcher = CaddyUpstreamWatcher;
@@ -331,7 +331,7 @@ class DiskSpaceMonitor extends EventEmitter {
      result.error = err.message;
      result.completedAt = new Date().toISOString();
      if (this.log) {
-        this.log.error('disk', 'Disk cleanup failed', { error: err.message, level });
+        this.log.error('disk', err, null, { note: 'Disk cleanup failed', level });
      }
      return result;
    }
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+/**
+ * DC-055: Host journald reader
+ *
+ * Wraps the host's `journalctl` binary so the API can stream host service
+ * logs (caddy, dashcaddy-api, docker, ...) without exposing the binary
+ * directly to the web layer. The CLI is invoked with --directory pointed at
+ * the bind-mounted /var/log/journal from start.sh so we don't need the
+ * systemd-journal remote protocol or a privileged socket.
+ *
+ * Security contract:
+ *   - `unit` MUST be in the allow-list `ALLOWED_UNITS`. We never accept a
+ *     raw unit name from the caller and pass it to the shell, even with
+ *     shell:false — because an attacker who can set unit=caddy.service;
+ *     touch /tmp/x could use the CLI itself as a confused-deputy vector.
+ *   - All journalctl invocations use `spawn` (not `exec`) and pass arguments
+ *     as an array (`shell:false`). No shell metacharacters can be smuggled
+ *     in through any field — the unit, since/until, search, tail numbers
+ *     are validated separately before being added to argv.
+ *   - Streams (SSE) cap to MAX_STREAM_BYTES and kill the child on overflow
+ *     so a `tail=999999999999` request can't OOM the process.
+ *
+ * Failure modes that surface to the route layer:
+ *   - journalctl missing in the container (DN container, dev container):
+ *     every call throws Error('journalctl unavailable'). Route 503s.
+ *   - unit not in allow-list: throws ValidationError. Route 400s.
+ *   - non-zero exit code: child stderr is captured and surfaced verbatim
+ *     up to LOG_PREVIEW_BYTES so the operator can see "Failed to open
+ *     directory" instead of a generic 500.
+ */
+
+const { spawn } = require('child_process');
+const path = require('path');
+const fs = require('fs');
+
+const JOURNAL_DIR = '/var/log/journal';
+const ALLOWED_UNITS = Object.freeze([
+  // Core reverse proxy + DNS host services
+  'caddy',
+  'dashcaddy-api',
+  'docker',
+  'systemd-journald',
+  'networkd-dispatcher',
+  'tailscaled',
+  'ssh',
+  // Permit the unit with and without the .service suffix. The CLI accepts
+  // both; we store the bare name and append nothing — journalctl treats
+  // "caddy" and "caddy.service" identically.
+]);
+
+// Cap how much a single request can read — prevents `tail=999999999` from
+// piping half the journal into memory. The dashboard doesn't have a UI for
+// "load 100MB of logs" and journalctl itself caps at 2GB anyway.
+const MAX_TAIL_LINES = 5000;
+// Streaming cap: how many journal entries we hand to the SSE consumer
+// before killing the child. The dashboard shouldn't accumulate more than
+// this in memory — pair with MAX_OUTPUT_BUFFER for a defense-in-depth
+// bound on what the route layer will hold.
+const MAX_STREAM_LINES = 5000;
+const MAX_OUTPUT_BUFFER = 2 * 1024 * 1024; // 2MB hard cap on total stdout
+const LOG_PREVIEW_BYTES = 4096;
+
+const UNIT_PATTERN = /^[a-zA-Z0-9_.@-]+$/;
+const ISO_PATTERN = /^\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}(?:[T ]\d{2}:\d{2}(?::\d{2}(?:\.\d+)?)?(?:Z|[+-]\d{2}:?\d{2})?)?$/;
+
+/**
+ * Validate a unit name against the allow-list. Returns the canonical name
+ * or throws ValidationError.
+ */
+function assertUnitAllowed(unit) {
+  if (typeof unit !== 'string' || !unit) {
+    const err = new Error('unit is required');
+    err.name = 'ValidationError';
+    throw err;
+  }
+  // Strip the .service suffix defensively so callers don't have to remember
+  // which form journalctl prefers for a given unit.
+  const normalised = unit.endsWith('.service') ? unit.slice(0, -8) : unit;
+  if (!UNIT_PATTERN.test(normalised)) {
+    const err = new Error(`unit contains invalid characters: ${unit}`);
+    err.name = 'ValidationError';
+    throw err;
+  }
+  if (!ALLOWED_UNITS.includes(normalised)) {
+    const err = new Error(`unit not in allow-list: ${normalised}`);
+    err.name = 'ValidationError';
+    throw err;
+  }
+  return normalised;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse tail to a bounded positive integer.
+ */
+function parseTail(raw, fallback = 200) {
+  if (raw === undefined || raw === null || raw === '') return fallback;
+  const n = Number(raw);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(n) || !Number.isInteger(n) || n <= 0) {
+    const err = new Error(`tail must be a positive integer (got ${raw})`);
+    err.name = 'ValidationError';
+    throw err;
+  }
+  return Math.min(n, MAX_TAIL_LINES);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse since/until — accept either an ISO timestamp, a unix epoch in ms, or
+ * journalctl's relative syntax ("30 min ago", "today", "yesterday"). The
+ * dashboard uses ISO timestamps from `<input type="datetime-local">`; the
+ * relative syntax is for power users typing into the search bar.
+ */
+function parseTimestamp(raw, fieldName) {
+  if (raw === undefined || raw === null || raw === '') return null;
+  if (typeof raw !== 'string') {
+    const err = new Error(`${fieldName} must be a string`);
+    err.name = 'ValidationError';
+    throw err;
+  }
+  // ISO 8601
+  if (ISO_PATTERN.test(raw)) {
+    const ms = Date.parse(raw);
+    if (!Number.isFinite(ms)) {
+      const err = new Error(`${fieldName} is not a valid ISO timestamp: ${raw}`);
+      err.name = 'ValidationError';
+      throw err;
+    }
+    return new Date(ms).toISOString();
+  }
+  // Numeric (unix epoch seconds OR ms — journalctl accepts seconds)
+  if (/^-?\d+$/.test(raw)) {
+    const n = Number(raw);
+    const ms = n > 1e12 ? n : n * 1000;
+    if (!Number.isFinite(ms)) {
+      const err = new Error(`${fieldName} is not a valid epoch: ${raw}`);
+      err.name = 'ValidationError';
+      throw err;
+    }
+    return new Date(ms).toISOString();
+  }
+  // Relative syntax: pass through to journalctl, but cap to 1024 chars and
+  // disallow shell metacharacters.
+  if (raw.length > 1024 || /[`$;&|><\\\n\r]/.test(raw)) {
+    const err = new Error(`${fieldName} contains forbidden characters: ${raw}`);
+    err.name = 'ValidationError';
+    throw err;
+  }
+  return raw;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Detect whether journalctl is reachable. Cheap probe (no-op flag) so we
+ * don't shell out on every request when the binary is missing (dev
+ * container, Windows host, etc.).
+ */
+function isAvailable({ journalDir = JOURNAL_DIR, exec = spawn } = {}) {
+  if (!fs.existsSync(journalDir)) return false;
+  return new Promise((resolve) => {
+    const child = exec('journalctl', ['--no-pager', '--version'], { stdio: 'ignore' });
+    child.on('error', () => resolve(false));
+    child.on('exit', (code) => resolve(code === 0));
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build argv for journalctl. Exposed so tests can assert exactly what we
+ * shell out — never build the arg array inline anywhere else.
+ */
+function buildArgv({ unit, since, until, tail, search, follow = false }) {
+  const argv = [
+    '--directory', JOURNAL_DIR,
+    '--no-pager',
+    '--output=short',
+    '-u', unit,
+  ];
+  if (since) argv.push('--since', since);
+  if (until) argv.push('--until', until);
+  if (typeof tail === 'number') argv.push('-n', String(tail));
+  if (search) {
+    // journalctl -S matches the searchable text fields (MESSAGE + others).
+    // Quote-enforcing isn't needed because spawn argv doesn't touch a shell.
+    argv.push('-S', search);
+  }
+  if (follow) argv.push('--follow');
+  return argv;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Read a bounded tail of journal entries for a unit. Resolves to an array
+ * of {timestamp, text} lines, oldest first. Throws ValidationError on bad
+ * input, Error('journalctl unavailable') if the binary or journal dir is
+ * missing, and Error('journalctl exited N: <stderr>') for CLI failures.
+ */
+/**
+ * Spawn journalctl with the given argv and collect stdout/stderr up to
+ * the configured caps. Resolves to a Buffer of stdout on success, rejects
+ * with Error('journalctl unavailable') on ENOENT or
+ * Error('journalctl exited N: <stderr>') on non-zero exit. Exceeding the
+ * output cap rejects with an explicit overflow message.
+ *
+ * Kept as a free function (not inside `readEntries`) so the same plumbing
+ * can be reused for streaming without code duplication.
+ */
+function runJournalctl({ exec, argv }) {
+  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
+    const child = exec('journalctl', argv, { stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'] });
+
+    let stdout = Buffer.alloc(0);
+    let stderr = '';
+
+    child.stdout.on('data', (chunk) => {
+      if (stdout.length + chunk.length > MAX_OUTPUT_BUFFER) {
+        child.kill('SIGKILL');
+        reject(new Error(`output exceeded ${MAX_OUTPUT_BUFFER} bytes`));
+        return;
+      }
+      stdout = Buffer.concat([stdout, chunk]);
+    });
+    child.stderr.on('data', (chunk) => {
+      if (stderr.length < LOG_PREVIEW_BYTES) {
+        stderr += chunk.toString('utf8');
+        if (stderr.length > LOG_PREVIEW_BYTES) {
+          stderr = stderr.slice(0, LOG_PREVIEW_BYTES) + '…';
+        }
+      }
+    });
+
+    child.on('error', (err) => {
+      if (err.code === 'ENOENT') {
+        reject(new Error('journalctl unavailable'));
+      } else {
+        reject(err);
+      }
+    });
+    child.on('exit', (code, signal) => {
+      if (signal === 'SIGKILL' && stdout.length >= MAX_OUTPUT_BUFFER) return; // already rejected
+      if (code !== 0) {
+        reject(new Error(`journalctl exited ${code}${stderr ? ': ' + stderr.trim() : ''}`));
+        return;
+      }
+      resolve({ stdout, stderr });
+    });
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse a journalctl --output=short line into a structured entry.
+ * Lines look like: "Aug 18 00:42:46 vmi3080415 caddy[3620580]: {...}"
+ */
+function parseShortLine(line, fallbackUnit) {
+  const tsMatch = line.match(/^([A-Z][a-z]{2} \d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}) (\S+) (.+?)\[\d+\]: (.*)$/);
+  if (tsMatch) {
+    return {
+      timestamp: tsMatch[1],
+      hostname: tsMatch[2],
+      unit: tsMatch[3],
+      text: tsMatch[4],
+    };
+  }
+  return { timestamp: null, hostname: null, unit: fallbackUnit, text: line };
+}
+
+function readEntries(opts, { exec = spawn } = {}) {
+  return Promise.resolve().then(async () => {
+    const unit = assertUnitAllowed(opts.unit);
+    const tail = parseTail(opts.tail);
+    const since = parseTimestamp(opts.since, 'since');
+    const until = parseTimestamp(opts.until, 'until');
+    const search = typeof opts.search === 'string' && opts.search.length > 0
+      ? opts.search.slice(0, 1024)
+      : null;
+
+    const argv = buildArgv({ unit, tail, since, until, search, follow: false });
+    const { stdout } = await runJournalctl({ exec, argv });
+    const lines = stdout.toString('utf8').split('\n').filter(Boolean);
+    return lines.map((line) => parseShortLine(line, unit));
+  });
+}
+
+/**
+ * Stream journal entries as they arrive. Returns { child, onData, onError,
+ * kill } — the route wires `onData`/`onError` to the SSE socket and calls
+ * `kill()` on disconnect.
+ *
+ * The child is spawned with --follow and we cap total bytes received; on
+ * overflow we kill the child and emit a synthetic 'overflow' message so the
+ * client knows to reconnect with a narrower window.
+ */
+function streamEntries(opts, { exec = spawn, onData, onError } = {}) {
+  const unit = assertUnitAllowed(opts.unit);
+  const since = parseTimestamp(opts.since, 'since');
+  const search = typeof opts.search === 'string' && opts.search.length > 0
+    ? opts.search.slice(0, 1024)
+    : null;
+
+  const argv = buildArgv({ unit, since, search, follow: true });
+
+  let child;
+  try {
+    child = exec('journalctl', argv, { stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'pipe'] });
+  } catch (err) {
+    if (err.code === 'ENOENT') {
+      const e = new Error('journalctl unavailable');
+      onError && onError(e);
+      return { kill: () => {}, child: null };
+    }
+    throw err;
+  }
+
+  // Closure-scoped stream bookkeeping: the previous version attached a
+  // counter to the onData function itself, which made the 5000-line cap
+  // unreachable (a function has its own properties — the count was never
+  // incremented). Closure scope is the right place.
+  let stdout = Buffer.alloc(0);
+  let lineCount = 0;
+  let overflowEmitted = false;
+
+  child.stdout.on('data', (chunk) => {
+    if (stdout.length + chunk.length > MAX_OUTPUT_BUFFER) {
+      child.kill('SIGKILL');
+      onError && onError(new Error(`stream exceeded ${MAX_OUTPUT_BUFFER} bytes`));
+      return;
+    }
+    stdout = Buffer.concat([stdout, chunk]);
+    if (onData) {
+      const text = stdout.toString('utf8');
+      const lines = text.split('\n');
+      // Hold back the last partial line; flush on the next chunk or exit.
+      stdout = Buffer.from(lines.pop(), 'utf8');
+      for (const line of lines) {
+        if (!line) continue;
+        lineCount++;
+        if (lineCount > MAX_STREAM_LINES && !overflowEmitted) {
+          overflowEmitted = true;
+          child.kill('SIGKILL');
+          onError && onError(new Error(`stream exceeded ${MAX_STREAM_LINES} lines`));
+          return;
+        }
+        const tsMatch = line.match(/^([A-Z][a-z]{2} \d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}) (\S+) (.+?)\[\d+\]: (.*)$/);
+        onData({
+          timestamp: tsMatch ? tsMatch[1] : null,
+          hostname: tsMatch ? tsMatch[2] : null,
+          unit: tsMatch ? tsMatch[3] : unit,
+          text: tsMatch ? tsMatch[4] : line,
+        });
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  let stderr = '';
+  child.stderr.on('data', (chunk) => {
+    if (stderr.length < LOG_PREVIEW_BYTES) {
+      stderr += chunk.toString('utf8');
+      if (stderr.length > LOG_PREVIEW_BYTES) {
+        stderr = stderr.slice(0, LOG_PREVIEW_BYTES) + '…';
+      }
+    }
+  });
+
+  child.on('error', (err) => {
+    onError && onError(err);
+  });
+  child.on('exit', (code) => {
+    if (code !== 0 && stderr) {
+      onError && onError(new Error(`journalctl exited ${code}: ${stderr.trim()}`));
+    }
+  });
+
+  return {
+    child,
+    kill() {
+      try { child.kill('SIGTERM'); } catch (_) { /* already dead */ }
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+/**
+ * List units that currently have journal entries (for the dashboard
+ * dropdown). Walks the allow-list and asks journalctl for the most recent
+ * entry per unit. Units with no entries are omitted.
+ */
+async function listUnits({ exec = spawn } = {}) {
+  if (!fs.existsSync(JOURNAL_DIR)) return [];
+  const out = [];
+  for (const unit of ALLOWED_UNITS) {
+    const lines = await new Promise((resolve) => {
+      const child = exec('journalctl', [
+        '--directory', JOURNAL_DIR,
+        '--no-pager', '-q',
+        '-u', unit,
+        '-n', '1',
+        '--output=short',
+      ], { stdio: ['ignore', 'pipe', 'ignore'] });
+      let buf = '';
+      child.stdout.on('data', (c) => { buf += c.toString('utf8'); });
+      child.on('error', () => resolve(''));
+      child.on('exit', () => resolve(buf));
+    });
+    if (lines.trim()) {
+      out.push({ unit, hasEntries: true });
+    }
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+module.exports = {
+  ALLOWED_UNITS,
+  MAX_TAIL_LINES,
+  MAX_OUTPUT_BUFFER,
+  isAvailable,
+  readEntries,
+  streamEntries,
+  listUnits,
+  assertUnitAllowed,
+  parseTail,
+  parseTimestamp,
+  parseShortLine,
+  buildArgv,
+};
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ class SSLMonitor extends EventEmitter {
    try {
      servicesData = await this.ctx.servicesStateManager.read();
    } catch (err) {
-      this.log.error('ssl-monitor', 'Failed to read services', { error: err.message });
+      this.log.error('ssl-monitor', err, null, { note: 'Failed to read services' });
      return this.getStatus();
    }

@@ -212,13 +212,13 @@ class SSLMonitor extends EventEmitter {

    // Initial check (non-blocking)
    this.checkAll().catch(err => {
-      this.log.error('ssl-monitor', 'Initial SSL check failed', { error: err.message });
+      this.log.error('ssl-monitor', err, null, { note: 'Initial SSL check failed' });
    });

    // Schedule periodic checks
    this.intervalHandle = setInterval(() => {
      this.checkAll().catch(err => {
-        this.log.error('ssl-monitor', 'Periodic SSL check failed', { error: err.message });
+        this.log.error('ssl-monitor', err, null, { note: 'Periodic SSL check failed' });
      });
    }, this.config.intervalMs);

@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class SSLMonitor extends EventEmitter {
        clearInterval(this.intervalHandle);
        this.intervalHandle = setInterval(() => {
          this.checkAll().catch(err => {
-            this.log.error('ssl-monitor', 'Periodic SSL check failed', { error: err.message });
+            this.log.error('ssl-monitor', err, null, { note: 'Periodic SSL check failed' });
          });
        }, this.config.intervalMs);
      }
@@ -355,7 +355,7 @@ class SSLMonitor extends EventEmitter {
            validTo: certResult.validTo
          }, level <= THRESHOLDS.CRITICAL ? 'error' : 'warning');
        } catch (err) {
-          this.log.error('ssl-monitor', 'Failed to send SSL notification', { error: err.message });
+          this.log.error('ssl-monitor', err, null, { note: 'Failed to send SSL notification' });
        }
      }
    } else if (level === null) {
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ class PluginManager extends EventEmitter {
        workflowActions: [...this.workflowActions.keys()],
      });
    } catch (err) {
-      this.log.error('plugins', 'Failed to scan plugin directory', { error: err.message });
+      this.log.error('plugins', err, null, { note: 'Failed to scan plugin directory' });
      this.loaded = true; // Don't crash — just run without plugins
    }
  }
@@ -7,15 +7,9 @@
 * ./error-logger.js and its ./error.log file have been retired.
 */

-const path = require('path');
 const { AppError } = require('./errors');
-const { LIMITS } = require('./constants');
 const { logError: unifiedLogError, safeErrorMessage } = require('../utils/logging');
 const { errorResponse } = require('../utils/responses');
-const platformPaths = require('../../platform-paths');
-
-const ERROR_LOG_FILE = process.env.ERROR_LOG_FILE || path.join(platformPaths.dataDir, 'error.log');
-const MAX_ERROR_LOG_SIZE = LIMITS.ERROR_LOG_SIZE;

 /**
 * Global error handling middleware
@@ -24,11 +18,10 @@ const MAX_ERROR_LOG_SIZE = LIMITS.ERROR_LOG_SIZE;
 function errorMiddleware(err, req, res, next) {
  // Log all errors with request context (unified, same file the rest of the app uses)
  unifiedLogError(
-    ERROR_LOG_FILE,
-    MAX_ERROR_LOG_SIZE,
    req.path,
    err,
    {
+      req,
      method: req.method,
      ip: req.ip,
      userId: req.user?.id,
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ async function syncHealthCheckerServices({ log, SERVICES_FILE, servicesStateMana
      log.info('health', 'Health checker synced', { added, updated, removed });
    }
  } catch (error) {
-    log.error('health', 'Error syncing health checker', { error: error.message });
+    log.error('health', error, null, { note: 'Error syncing health checker' });
  }
 }

@@ -118,16 +118,33 @@ function _httpsFetch(url, opts = {}, timeoutMs = TIMEOUTS.HTTP_DEFAULT) {

 /**
 * Raw http.request wrapper for Caddy admin API
+ *
+ * Auto-injects `Origin: http://<host>:<port>` because Caddy's admin API on a
+ * non-loopback bind (e.g. `admin 0.0.0.0:2019` so the DashCaddy docker
+ * container can probe it from 172.17.0.1) enables `enforce_origin` and
+ * rejects every request whose Origin isn't in the admin's `origins` allowlist
+ * OR is empty. Node's undici fetch sets `Sec-Fetch-Mode: cors` which triggers
+ * the check; raw http.request sets no Origin at all, which fails the empty
+ * check. Setting Origin to the admin endpoint's own origin satisfies
+ * gorilla/csrf same-origin and is the documented override.
+ * (See: https://caddyserver.com/docs/caddyfile/options — `origins` directive.)
+ *
+ * Caller-provided `Origin` header (via opts.headers) wins so tests / future
+ * proxies can override; default matches the parsed admin URL.
 */
 function _httpFetch(url, opts = {}, timeoutMs = TIMEOUTS.HTTP_DEFAULT) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const parsed = new URL(url);
+    const defaultOrigin = `${parsed.protocol}//${parsed.hostname}:${parsed.port || 2019}`;
    const options = {
      hostname: parsed.hostname,
      port: parsed.port || 2019,
      path: parsed.pathname + parsed.search,
      method: (opts.method || 'GET').toUpperCase(),
-      headers: { ...opts.headers },
+      headers: {
+        Origin: defaultOrigin,
+        ...opts.headers,
+      },
      timeout: timeoutMs,
    };
    
@@ -112,12 +112,78 @@ async function appendErrorLog(line) {
  }
 }

+// Flatten an error chain into readable lines so error.log records why a
+// request failed, not just that it did. Handle AggregateError (`.errors[]`,
+// common from lookups/DNS-fetch timeouts) and the modern `.cause` chain —
+// both common in Node 18+ networking. Always returns at least one line
+// (a head line with `name [code]: message`), and appends cause lines for
+// any `.errors` / `.cause` chains present.
+//
+// Defensive against:
+//  - Circular `.cause` references (a pathological error payload pointing
+//    `err.cause = err` would otherwise infinite-recurse and crash the
+//    error-path). Visited set carries forward via parameter.
+//  - Excessively deep chains (> MAX_CHAIN_DEPTH): truncated with a marker
+//    so the operator can see something IS coming from underneath.
+const MAX_CHAIN_DEPTH = 16;
+function describeErrorChain(err, depth = 0, seen = new WeakSet()) {
+  const out = [];
+  if (depth > MAX_CHAIN_DEPTH) {
+    out.push(`${'  '.repeat(depth)}  ... (chain truncated at depth ${MAX_CHAIN_DEPTH})`);
+    return out;
+  }
+  if (!(err instanceof Error)) {
+    out.push(`${'  '.repeat(depth)}${String(err)}`);
+    return out;
+  }
+  // Cycle guard — same Error instance already on the chain.
+  if (seen.has(err)) {
+    out.push(`${'  '.repeat(depth)}  ... (cycle: same Error instance seen earlier)`);
+    return out;
+  }
+  seen.add(err);
+  const indent = '  '.repeat(depth);
+  const code = err.code ? ` [${err.code}]` : '';
+  const msg = err.message ? `: ${err.message}` : '';
+  // For every error (including AggregateError), render the head line; an
+  // empty `.message` simply produces `Name [code]:` which is still useful.
+  out.push(`${indent}${err.name || 'Error'}${code}${msg}`);
+  if (Array.isArray(err.errors) && err.errors.length) {
+    err.errors.forEach((sub, i) => {
+      out.push(`${indent}  cause #${i + 1}:`);
+      out.push(...describeErrorChain(sub, depth + 2, seen));
+    });
+  }
+  if (err.cause instanceof Error) {
+    out.push(`${indent}  cause:`);
+    out.push(...describeErrorChain(err.cause, depth + 2, seen));
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
 async function writeErrorLog(ctx, error, req, extra) {
  const ts = new Date().toISOString();
-  const errMsg = error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error);
  const errStack = error instanceof Error ? error.stack : '';
-  const parts = [`[${ts}] [ERR] ${ctx}: ${errMsg}`];
+  // Build the head line AND a tail diagnostic from the same describeErrorChain,
+  // so plain errors with .code get `[CODE]` formatted into the head (regression)
+  // and AggregateError with empty `.message` gets a diagnostic block listing
+  // every cause (the actual bug fix).
+  let headLine;
+  let diagLines = [];
+  if (error instanceof Error) {
+    const chain = describeErrorChain(error);
+    // The chain head is always the error itself (now including AggregateError),
+    // so chain[0] is what we want in the headline and chain[1..] is the rest.
+    headLine = chain[0] || `${error.name || 'Error'}`;
+    diagLines = chain.slice(1);
+  } else {
+    headLine = String(error);
+  }
+  // Preserve the historical `ctx: <head>` shape so log scrapers don't break.
+  // The head now carries `name [code]: message` instead of bare `.message`.
+  const parts = [`[${ts}] [ERR] ${ctx}: ${headLine.replace(/^\s+/, '')}`];
  if (errStack) parts.push(errStack);
+  if (diagLines.length) parts.push('  diagnostic: ' + diagLines.join('\n  diagnostic: '));
  if (req) {
    const ip = req.ip || req.socket?.remoteAddress || '';
    const ua = req.get ? req.get('user-agent') : '';
@@ -417,6 +483,14 @@ function safeErrorMessage(error) {
 // Supports: logError(context, error, extra) → existing route call pattern

 async function logErrorWrapper(ctx, err, extra) {
+  // Guard against legacy call shapes that used to corrupt error.log:
+  // the old 5-arg form logError(file, maxSize, path, err, meta) made ctx
+  // a file path and turned maxSize (a number) into the "error". Detect and
+  // normalize so the real error always reaches error.log.
+  if (typeof ctx === 'string' && /^\/.*\.(log|json)$/.test(ctx) && typeof err === 'number') {
+    // Legacy shape: (file, size, reqPath, error, meta) → shift args.
+    [ctx, err, extra] = [arguments[2], arguments[3], { ...arguments[4], req: undefined }];
+  }
  const req = extra?.req;
  const payload = extra ? { ...extra } : {};
  if (payload.req) delete payload.req;
@@ -86,8 +86,20 @@ run_image_layer_migration
 #   dns1.sami         → DNS1 (SAMI-CLOUD-U32)
 #   dc-contabo-de     → DashCaddy Contabo test instance
 #   git.dashcaddy.net → DashCaddy upstream git
+#   git.sami          → DNS2 (NOT DNS3 — see warning above). Resolves an
+#                       intermittent ENOTFOUND in the ssl-monitor's TLS
+#                       handshake check (~2/h) by pinning the name in the
+#                       container's /etc/hosts to the Caddy listener.
 #   ca.sami           → local CA (DN2 + DN3 both have their own)
 ADD_HOST_FLAGS=(
+  # host.docker.internal → host bridge IP (Docker host-gateway). The caddy
+  # upstream watcher probes Caddy site upstreams from INSIDE this container;
+  # `reverse_proxy localhost:PORT` in a site file means the HOST's loopback,
+  # so the watcher remaps loopback probe targets to this name (see
+  # dashcaddy-api/src/monitoring/caddy-upstream-watcher.js). Without this
+  # entry the probes would hit the container's own loopback and report every
+  # host-side upstream as dead.
+  --add-host=host.docker.internal:host-gateway
  --add-host=dns3.sami:100.81.59.99
  --add-host=gitea:100.81.59.99
  --add-host=dns3-wan.sami:74.208.167.19
@@ -95,6 +107,7 @@ ADD_HOST_FLAGS=(
  --add-host=dns1.sami:100.71.97.12
  --add-host=dc-contabo-de:100.98.123.59
  --add-host=git.dashcaddy.net:100.98.123.59
+  --add-host=git.sami:100.121.150.22
  # ca.sami resolves via DNS to 100.121.150.22 (Caddy on DNS2). Don't pin
  # to 127.0.0.1 — nothing listens on 443 inside the container, so the
  # health checker would fail with ECONNREFUSED. The CA itself is a
@@ -146,6 +159,7 @@ docker run -d --restart unless-stopped --name ${CONTAINER_NAME} \
  -v ${DATA_DIR}:/app/data \
  -v ${BACKUPS_DIR}:/app/backups \
  -v ${CADDYFILE}:/caddyfile \
+  -v /etc/caddy/sites:/etc/caddy/sites:ro \
  -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
  -v ${ASSETS_DIR}:/app/assets \
  -v ${UPDATES_DIR}:/app/updates \
@@ -153,6 +167,8 @@ docker run -d --restart unless-stopped --name ${CONTAINER_NAME} \
  -v /usr/bin/tailscale:/usr/bin/tailscale:ro \
  -v /var/run/tailscale:/var/run/tailscale:ro \
  -v /etc/ssl/sami-ca:/etc/ssl/sami-ca:ro \
+  -v /var/log/journal:/var/log/journal:ro \
+  -v /usr/bin/journalctl:/usr/bin/journalctl:ro \
  -e NODE_ENV=production \
  -e SERVICES_FILE=/app/data/services.json \
  -e CONFIG_FILE=/app/data/config.json \
@@ -54,6 +54,10 @@ const bundles = {
    JS('import-export.js'),
    JS('error-logs.js'),
    JS('container-logs.js'),
+    // DC-055: Host journald log viewer — reads /var/log/journal via the
+    // bind-mount added in start.sh. Self-contained modal with SSE stream
+    // + bounded tail read. Exposes window.openJournaldModal().
+    JS('journald.js'),
    JS('snapshot.js'),
    JS('smart-arr-connect.js'),
    JS('notification-settings.js'),
@@ -203,6 +203,7 @@
          <div class="tools-section-items">
            <button id="view-error-logs" aria-label="View error logs">📋 Error Logs</button>
            <button id="view-container-logs" aria-label="View container logs">📜 Container Logs</button>
+            <button id="view-journald-logs" aria-label="Host journald logs">🛰️ Host Logs</button>
            <button id="manage-notifications" aria-label="Manage notifications">🔔 Alerts</button>
            <button id="audit-log-btn" aria-label="Audit log">📜 Audit</button>
            <button id="security-center-btn" aria-label="Security Center">🛡️ Security</button>
@@ -694,9 +695,9 @@
            <span style="font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.2;">⚠️</span>
            <div style="font-size: 0.92rem; line-height: 1.55; color: var(--text);">
              <strong style="color: var(--warn-fg, #f39c12);">Disk Usage Note:</strong>
-              DashCaddy stores health check history, container statistics, and event logs.
-              On a busy server, this data can accumulate over time.
-              Set appropriate retention limits in <strong>Settings → Health</strong> to prevent disk fill.
+              DashCaddy stores up to <strong>500 health check entries per service</strong> (plus container statistics and event logs).
+              At high check frequencies this may consume significant disk space — on a host with many services the history file can grow to tens of megabytes.
+              Adjust the <strong>health check interval</strong>, <strong>max entries per service</strong>, and <strong>health retention period</strong> in <strong>Disk Safety</strong> (the 💾 Disk button in the top bar) to control disk usage.
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
@@ -704,12 +705,12 @@
        <div style="margin-top: 16px; padding: 14px 16px; background: var(--card-bg); border-radius: 8px; border: 1px solid var(--border);">
          <strong style="font-size: 0.9rem;">📋 Recommended after setup</strong>
          <ul style="margin: 8px 0 0; padding-left: 20px; font-size: 0.85rem; color: var(--muted); line-height: 1.6;">
-            <li>Open <strong>Health → Configure → Global Settings</strong></li>
-            <li>Set a <strong>health check polling interval</strong> (default: 60s)</li>
-            <li>Set a <strong>stats polling interval</strong> (default: 30s)</li>
-            <li>Set a <strong>data retention period</strong> (default: 30 days)</li>
-            <li>Cap <strong>max entries per service</strong> (default: 500)</li>
-            <li>Set a <strong>disk-usage warning threshold</strong> (default: 80%)</li>
+            <li>Open the <strong>💾 Disk</strong> button in the top bar (opens the Disk Safety modal)</li>
+            <li>Set a <strong>health check polling interval</strong> (default: 30s)</li>
+            <li>Set a <strong>health retention period</strong> (default: 30 days)</li>
+            <li>Cap <strong>max health entries per service</strong> (default: 500)</li>
+            <li>Cap <strong>max stats entries</strong> (default: 500)</li>
+            <li>Click <strong>Clean Up Now</strong> to purge old data immediately</li>
          </ul>
        </div>

@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 // ========== AUDIT LOG VIEWER ==========
+// DC-050: surface authenticated user identity (userEmail / userRole from
+// auditLogger.details), add outcome filter, pass confirm=CLEAR body for
+// destructive DELETE.
 (function() {
  // Inject modal HTML
  injectModal('audit-modal', `<div id="audit-modal" class="weather-modal">
-    <div class="weather-modal-content" style="min-width: 850px; max-width: 1050px;">
+    <div class="weather-modal-content" style="min-width: 950px; max-width: 1150px;">
      <h3>📜 Audit Log</h3>
      <p class="modal-subtitle">
        Track all actions performed through the API.
      </p>

-      <div style="display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-bottom: 16px; align-items: center;">
-        <label class="text-muted-sm">Filter:</label>
+      <div style="display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap;">
+        <label class="text-muted-sm">Category:</label>
        <select id="audit-filter" style="padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid var(--border); background: var(--bg); color: var(--fg); font-size: 0.85rem;">
-          <option value="">All Actions</option>
+          <option value="">All</option>
          <option value="service">Services</option>
          <option value="container">Containers</option>
          <option value="caddy">Caddy</option>
@@ -20,6 +23,16 @@
          <option value="config">Config</option>
          <option value="auth">Auth</option>
        </select>
+        <label class="text-muted-sm">Result:</label>
+        <select id="audit-outcome-filter" style="padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid var(--border); background: var(--bg); color: var(--fg); font-size: 0.85rem;">
+          <option value="">Any</option>
+          <option value="success">✓ Success</option>
+          <option value="failure">✗ Failure</option>
+        </select>
+        <label class="text-muted-sm" style="margin-left: 8px;">Since:</label>
+        <input id="audit-since" type="datetime-local" style="padding: 5px 8px; border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid var(--border); background: var(--bg); color: var(--fg); font-size: 0.82rem;">
+        <label class="text-muted-sm">Until:</label>
+        <input id="audit-until" type="datetime-local" style="padding: 5px 8px; border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid var(--border); background: var(--bg); color: var(--fg); font-size: 0.82rem;">
        <button id="audit-refresh-btn" class="btn-sm">🔄 Refresh</button>
        <span style="flex: 1;"></span>
        <button id="audit-clear-btn" style="padding: 6px 12px; font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--bad-fg); border-color: var(--bad-fg);">🗑️ Clear Log</button>
@@ -45,26 +58,84 @@
  const refreshBtn = document.getElementById('audit-refresh-btn');
  const clearBtn = document.getElementById('audit-clear-btn');
  const filterSelect = document.getElementById('audit-filter');
+  const outcomeSelect = document.getElementById('audit-outcome-filter');
+  const sinceInput = document.getElementById('audit-since');
+  const untilInput = document.getElementById('audit-until');
  const container = document.getElementById('audit-log-container');
  const loadMoreBtn = document.getElementById('audit-load-more');
  let currentOffset = 0;
+  let inflight = null; // AbortController for the in-flight request
+  let filterNonce = 0; // increments on every fresh (non-append) load; lets
+                       // an in-flight append detect the filter has changed
+                       // and skip its DOM splice.
  const PAGE_SIZE = 50;

+  // datetime-local fields carry no timezone offset — convert to ISO 8601
+  // with the local offset so the server can compare correctly.
+  function toIso(localDtValue) {
+    if (!localDtValue) return null;
+    // Browsers expose datetime-local as naive local time. new Date() on
+    // that string parses it as LOCAL, so toISOString() yields the UTC
+    // equivalent the server expects.
+    const d = new Date(localDtValue);
+    if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return null;
+    return d.toISOString();
+  }
+
  async function loadAudit(append) {
    try {
      if (!append) {
+        // Cancel any pending request and bump the filter nonce so any
+        // appending fetch (still in flight) knows to discard its response.
+        if (inflight) inflight.abort();
+        inflight = new AbortController();
        currentOffset = 0;
+        filterNonce++;
        container.innerHTML = '<div class="panel-empty"><span class="brand-spinner"></span> Loading...</div>';
+      } else {
+        if (inflight) inflight.abort();
+        inflight = new AbortController();
+      }
+      const myNonce = filterNonce;
+      const params = new URLSearchParams();
+      params.set('limit', String(PAGE_SIZE));
+      params.set('offset', String(currentOffset));
+      const action = filterSelect.value;
+      const outcome = outcomeSelect.value;
+      const since = toIso(sinceInput.value);
+      const until = toIso(untilInput.value);
+      if (action) params.set('action', action);
+      if (outcome) params.set('outcome', outcome);
+      if (since) params.set('since', since);
+      if (until) params.set('until', until);
+
+      const res = await fetch('/api/v1/audit-logs?' + params.toString(), {
+        signal: inflight.signal,
+      });
+      // Surface 401/403/500 explicitly — the dashboard used to render any
+      // non-success response as "no audit log entries yet," which is
+      // misleading for an expired session.
+      if (!res.ok) {
+        container.innerHTML = `<div class="panel-empty" style="color: var(--bad-fg);">Failed: HTTP ${res.status}</div>`;
+        loadMoreBtn.style.display = 'none';
+        return;
      }
-      const filter = filterSelect.value;
-      let url = `/api/v1/audit-logs?limit=${PAGE_SIZE}&offset=${currentOffset}`;
-      if (filter) url += `&action=${encodeURIComponent(filter)}`;
-      const res = await fetch(url);
      const data = await res.json();
-      const entries = data.success && data.entries ? data.entries : [];
+      if (!data.success) {
+        container.innerHTML = `<div class="panel-empty" style="color: var(--bad-fg);">Failed: ${escapeHtml(data.error || 'unknown')}</div>`;
+        loadMoreBtn.style.display = 'none';
+        return;
+      }
+      // If a non-append load happened after this fetch was issued, the
+      // operator changed filters; discard the now-stale response.
+      if (!append && myNonce !== filterNonce) return;
+      const entries = Array.isArray(data.entries) ? data.entries : [];

      if (entries.length === 0 && !append) {
-        container.innerHTML = '<div class="panel-empty"><span class="empty-icon">📜</span>No audit log entries yet. Actions will be logged automatically.</div>';
+        const reason = data.filters && (data.filters.action || data.filters.outcome || data.filters.since || data.filters.until)
+          ? 'No entries match your filters.'
+          : 'No audit log entries yet. Actions will be logged automatically.';
+        container.innerHTML = `<div class="panel-empty"><span class="empty-icon">📜</span>${escapeHtml(reason)}</div>`;
        loadMoreBtn.style.display = 'none';
        return;
      }
@@ -72,20 +143,29 @@
      let html = '';
      if (!append) {
        html = '<table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.82rem;">';
-        html += '<tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); color: var(--muted);"><th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left;">When</th><th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left;">IP</th><th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left;">Action</th><th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left;">Resource</th><th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left;">Result</th></tr>';
+        html += '<tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); color: var(--muted);">';
+        html += '<th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left;">When</th>';
+        html += '<th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left;">Actor</th>';
+        html += '<th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left;">IP</th>';
+        html += '<th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left;">Action</th>';
+        html += '<th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left;">Resource</th>';
+        html += '<th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left;">Result</th>';
+        html += '</tr>';
      }

      for (const e of entries) {
        const ok = e.outcome === 'success';
+        const actor = actorLabel(e);
        html += `<tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); cursor: pointer;" class="audit-row">`;
-        html += `<td style="padding: 6px; color: var(--muted);">${timeAgo(e.timestamp)}</td>`;
+        html += `<td style="padding: 6px; color: var(--muted);" title="${escapeHtml(e.timestamp || '')}">${timeAgo(e.timestamp)}</td>`;
+        html += `<td style="padding: 6px; font-size: 0.78rem;">${actor}</td>`;
        html += `<td style="padding: 6px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 0.78rem;">${escapeHtml(e.ip || '-')}</td>`;
        html += `<td style="padding: 6px; font-weight: 500;">${escapeHtml(e.action || '-')}</td>`;
        html += `<td style="padding: 6px;">${escapeHtml(e.resource || '-')}</td>`;
-        html += `<td style="padding: 6px;"><span style="color: ${ok ? 'var(--ok-fg)' : 'var(--bad-fg)'};">${ok ? '✓' : '✗'}</span></td>`;
+        html += `<td style="padding: 6px;"><span style="color: ${ok ? 'var(--ok-fg)' : 'var(--bad-fg)'};">${ok ? '✓' : '✗'} ${escapeHtml(e.outcome || '')}</span></td>`;
        html += '</tr>';
        if (e.details && Object.keys(e.details).length > 0) {
-          html += `<tr class="audit-detail" style="display: none;"><td colspan="5" style="padding: 6px 6px 10px; font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--muted);"><pre style="margin: 0; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: monospace;">${escapeHtml(JSON.stringify(e.details, null, 2))}</pre></td></tr>`;
+          html += `<tr class="audit-detail" style="display: none;"><td colspan="6" style="padding: 6px 6px 10px; font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--muted);"><pre style="margin: 0; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: monospace;">${escapeHtml(JSON.stringify(e.details, null, 2))}</pre></td></tr>`;
        }
      }

@@ -93,13 +173,14 @@
        html += '</table>';
        container.innerHTML = html;
      } else {
-        // Append rows to existing table
        const table = container.querySelector('table');
        if (table) table.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', html);
      }

      currentOffset += entries.length;
-      loadMoreBtn.style.display = entries.length >= PAGE_SIZE ? '' : 'none';
+      // hasMore is reported by the server (post-filter total), so the
+      // Load More button stays accurate when filters change mid-scroll.
+      loadMoreBtn.style.display = data.hasMore ? '' : 'none';

      // Toggle detail rows on click
      container.querySelectorAll('.audit-row').forEach(row => {
@@ -113,10 +194,34 @@
        });
      });
    } catch (e) {
+      // AbortError is expected when we deliberately cancel an in-flight
+      // request (e.g. the operator changed filters mid-fetch) — don't
+      // flash a "Failed: The user aborted a request" message over the
+      // loading spinner. The new fetch has already kicked off.
+      if (e && e.name === 'AbortError') return;
      container.innerHTML = `<div class="panel-empty" style="color: var(--bad-fg);">Failed: ${escapeHtml(e.message)}</div>`;
    }
  }

+  // Render the human-readable actor: prefer userEmail, fall back to
+  // userId, fall back to bare IP. If no user attribution, mark as
+  // "system" so the operator knows the entry came from an unauthenticated
+  // or service path (e.g. cron-driven backups).
+  function actorLabel(entry) {
+    const d = entry.details || {};
+    const email = d.userEmail;
+    const id = d.userId;
+    const role = d.userRole;
+    const provider = d.viaProvider;
+    if (email) {
+      const tag = role ? ` <span style="color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.72rem;">[${escapeHtml(role)}${provider ? '/' + escapeHtml(provider) : ''}]</span>` : '';
+      return `${escapeHtml(email)}${tag}`;
+    }
+    if (id) return `<span style="font-family: monospace; color: var(--muted);">${escapeHtml(id)}</span>`;
+    if (!entry.ip) return '<span style="color: var(--muted);">system</span>';
+    return '<span style="color: var(--muted);">anon</span>';
+  }
+
  openBtn?.addEventListener('click', () => {
    modal?.classList.add('show');
    loadAudit(false);
@@ -124,12 +229,26 @@
  wireModal(modal, cancelBtn);
  refreshBtn?.addEventListener('click', () => loadAudit(false));
  filterSelect?.addEventListener('change', () => loadAudit(false));
+  outcomeSelect?.addEventListener('change', () => loadAudit(false));
+  // Re-fetch on date change only when both fields have a value or both are
+  // empty — typing one character shouldn't trigger a fetch for every keystroke.
+  let dateDebounce;
+  [sinceInput, untilInput].forEach((el) => {
+    el?.addEventListener('change', () => {
+      clearTimeout(dateDebounce);
+      dateDebounce = setTimeout(() => loadAudit(false), 250);
+    });
+  });
  loadMoreBtn?.addEventListener('click', () => loadAudit(true));

  clearBtn?.addEventListener('click', async () => {
    if (!confirm('Clear the entire audit log? This cannot be undone.')) return;
    try {
-      const res = await secureFetch('/api/v1/audit-logs', { method: 'DELETE' });
+      const res = await secureFetch('/api/v1/audit-logs', {
+        method: 'DELETE',
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ confirm: 'CLEAR' }),
+      });
      const data = await res.json();
      if (data.success) loadAudit(false);
      else showNotification('Error: ' + (data.error || 'Clear failed'), 'error');
@@ -137,4 +256,4 @@
      showNotification('Error: ' + e.message, 'error');
    }
  });
-})();
+})();
@@ -365,6 +365,9 @@
  }

  async function refreshAll() {
+    // Skip if auth has been lost (e.g. TOTP gate activated externally).
+    // The polling interval in init.js also checks this flag.
+    if (window._dcAuthLost) return;
    if (refreshInFlight) {
      refreshQueued = true;
      return refreshInFlight;
@@ -417,9 +420,21 @@
    refreshInFlight = (async () => {
      try {
        const response = await fetch('/api/v1/services/status', { cache: 'no-store' });
+        if (response.status === 401 || response.status === 403) {
+          // Auth lost — stop the polling loop and close SSE; do NOT fall
+          // through to direct probes (those would misleadingly mark
+          // services as healthy since /probe/ treats 401/403 as "up").
+          window._dcAuthLost = true;
+          if (window._sseReconnect && window._sseClose) {
+            window._sseClose(); // tell SSE to stop reconnecting
+          }
+          updateStamp('auth required');
+          return; // skip the fallback entirely
+        }
        if (!response.ok) {
          throw new Error(`Status refresh failed (${response.status})`);
        }
+        window._dcAuthLost = false; // auth working again
        const data = await response.json();
        applyBatchResults(data.statuses || {});
        updateStamp('last check', data.checkedAt || new Date());
@@ -434,9 +449,11 @@
        }
      } finally {
        refreshInFlight = null;
-        if (refreshQueued) {
+        if (refreshQueued && !window._dcAuthLost) {
          refreshQueued = false;
          setTimeout(() => { window.refreshAll(); }, 0);
+        } else {
+          refreshQueued = false;
        }
      }
    })();
@@ -63,7 +63,12 @@
    window.buildGrid();
    animateTopCards();
    window.refreshAll();
-    setInterval(window.refreshAll, DC.POLL.DASHBOARD);
+    setInterval(() => {
+      // Stop polling if the session has been invalidated (e.g. TOTP gate
+      // now active, or user logged out). Avoids relentless 401/403 noise.
+      if (window._dcAuthLost) return;
+      window.refreshAll();
+    }, DC.POLL.DASHBOARD);
    if (typeof window.refreshCredsButtons === 'function') window.refreshCredsButtons();
    if (typeof window.refreshMonitoringWidgets === 'function') window.refreshMonitoringWidgets();
    // Update auth card (may have already been updated by the auto-load IIFE but ensure it's correct)
@@ -47,10 +47,19 @@
          </div>
        </div>

+        <div style="background:rgba(243,156,18,0.08);border:1px solid rgba(243,156,18,0.25);border-radius:8px;padding:12px;margin-bottom:16px;">
+          <div style="font-size:0.82rem;color:#f0a040;line-height:1.45;">
+            ⚠ <strong>Disk impact:</strong> Lowering the health check interval increases how often data is written to disk.
+            DashCaddy caps history at <strong>max entries per service</strong> and prunes entries older than the retention period,
+            so these two values together determine steady-state disk usage. For busy hosts, prefer a longer interval (60–120s)
+            and a lower entry cap.
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
        <div style="display:grid;gap:16px;">
          ${settingRow('Health Check Interval', 'healthInterval', c.healthCheckInterval, 'seconds', Math.round((c.healthCheckInterval||30000)/1000), 5, 300)}
          ${settingRow('Max Health Entries/Service', 'healthMaxEntries', c.healthMaxEntries, 'entries', c.healthMaxEntries||500, 50, 5000)}
-          ${settingRow('Health Retention', 'healthRetentionDays', c.healthRetentionDays, 'days', c.healthRetentionDays||14, 1, 90)}
+          ${settingRow('Health Retention', 'healthRetentionDays', c.healthRetentionDays, 'days', c.healthRetentionDays||30, 1, 90)}
          ${settingRow('Max Stats Entries', 'statsMaxEntries', c.statsMaxEntries, 'entries', c.statsMaxEntries||500, 100, 10000)}
          ${settingRow('Max Audit Entries', 'auditMaxEntries', c.auditMaxEntries, 'entries', c.auditMaxEntries||1000, 100, 10000)}
        </div>
@@ -1,72 +1,292 @@
-// ========== ERROR LOG VIEWER ==========
+// ========== ERROR LOG VIEWER (DC-052) ==========
+// DC-052: Adds Level / Context / Search / Time-range filters, server-side
+// pagination with Load More, click-to-expand stack frames, and a distinct
+// contexts dropdown backed by /api/v1/error-logs/contexts. Mirrors the
+// audit-log UX (DC-050) so operators can drill into a subsystem as easily
+// as they can audit who-did-what.
 (function() {
-  // Inject modal HTML
-  injectModal('error-log-modal', '<div id="error-log-modal" class="logs-modal"><div class="logs-modal-content"><div class="logs-header"><h3>📋 Error Logs</h3><div class="logs-controls"><button id="error-log-refresh" style="padding:4px 12px!important;font-size:.85rem!important">🔄 Refresh</button><button id="error-log-clear" style="padding:4px 12px!important;font-size:.85rem!important;background:color-mix(in srgb,var(--bad-fg) 15%,transparent)!important;border-color:var(--bad-fg)!important;color:var(--bad-fg)!important">🗑️ Clear</button><button id="error-log-close" class="close-btn">✕</button></div></div><div class="logs-container"><div id="error-log-content" class="logs-content"><div class="logs-loading">Loading error logs...</div></div></div></div></div>');
+  // Inject modal HTML. Same weather-modal shell as audit-log so styles
+  // are shared; wider min-width because error stacks need room to breathe.
+  injectModal('error-log-modal', `<div id="error-log-modal" class="weather-modal">
+    <div class="weather-modal-content" style="min-width: 950px; max-width: 1150px;">
+      <h3>📋 Error Logs</h3>
+      <p class="modal-subtitle">
+        Errors and warnings from the DashCaddy API. Click a row to see the full stack trace.
+      </p>
+
+      <div style="display: flex; gap: 12px; margin-bottom: 12px; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap;">
+        <label class="text-muted-sm">Level:</label>
+        <select id="error-log-level" style="padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid var(--border); background: var(--bg); color: var(--fg); font-size: 0.85rem;">
+          <option value="">All</option>
+          <option value="ERR">Errors</option>
+          <option value="WARN">Warnings</option>
+          <option value="INFO">Info</option>
+          <option value="DEBUG">Debug</option>
+        </select>
+        <label class="text-muted-sm">Context:</label>
+        <select id="error-log-context" style="padding: 6px 10px; border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid var(--border); background: var(--bg); color: var(--fg); font-size: 0.85rem; max-width: 220px;">
+          <option value="">All</option>
+        </select>
+        <label class="text-muted-sm" style="margin-left: 8px;">Search:</label>
+        <input id="error-log-search" type="search" placeholder="message / stack / ip" style="padding: 5px 8px; border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid var(--border); background: var(--bg); color: var(--fg); font-size: 0.82rem; min-width: 180px;">
+        <label class="text-muted-sm" style="margin-left: 8px;">Since:</label>
+        <input id="error-log-since" type="datetime-local" style="padding: 5px 8px; border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid var(--border); background: var(--bg); color: var(--fg); font-size: 0.82rem;">
+        <label class="text-muted-sm">Until:</label>
+        <input id="error-log-until" type="datetime-local" style="padding: 5px 8px; border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid var(--border); background: var(--bg); color: var(--fg); font-size: 0.82rem;">
+        <button id="error-log-refresh" class="btn-sm">🔄 Refresh</button>
+        <span style="flex: 1;"></span>
+        <button id="error-log-clear" style="padding: 6px 12px; font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--bad-fg); border-color: var(--bad-fg);">🗑️ Clear Log</button>
+      </div>
+
+      <div id="error-log-container" class="scroll-container">
+        <div class="panel-empty"><span class="brand-spinner"></span> Loading error logs...</div>
+      </div>
+
+      <div style="margin-top: 12px; text-align: center;">
+        <button id="error-log-load-more" style="display: none; padding: 6px 16px; font-size: 0.8rem;">Load More</button>
+      </div>
+
+      <div style="margin-top: 8px; font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--muted); text-align: right;">
+        <span id="error-log-total"></span>
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="weather-modal-buttons modal-footer-bar">
+        <button id="error-log-close">Close</button>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>`);

  const modal = document.getElementById('error-log-modal');
-  const content = document.getElementById('error-log-content');
  const viewBtn = document.getElementById('view-error-logs');
  const refreshBtn = document.getElementById('error-log-refresh');
  const clearBtn = document.getElementById('error-log-clear');
  const closeBtn = document.getElementById('error-log-close');
+  const levelSel = document.getElementById('error-log-level');
+  const contextSel = document.getElementById('error-log-context');
+  const searchInput = document.getElementById('error-log-search');
+  const sinceInput = document.getElementById('error-log-since');
+  const untilInput = document.getElementById('error-log-until');
+  const container = document.getElementById('error-log-container');
+  const loadMoreBtn = document.getElementById('error-log-load-more');
+  const totalSpan = document.getElementById('error-log-total');

-  async function loadErrorLogs() {
-    content.innerHTML = '<div class="logs-loading">Loading error logs...</div>';
-    
+  const PAGE_SIZE = 50;
+  let currentOffset = 0;
+  let inflight = null;
+  let filterNonce = 0;
+  // Cached distinct contexts so the dropdown is populated once per open and
+  // re-populated after a clear (which removes all contexts) or a refresh
+  // that surfaces a new subsystem for the first time.
+  let knownContexts = [];
+
+  // datetime-local fields are naive local time — convert to UTC ISO so the
+  // server compares correctly. Same shape as audit-log.js so the operator
+  // sees consistent behaviour between the two modals.
+  function toIso(localDtValue) {
+    if (!localDtValue) return null;
+    const d = new Date(localDtValue);
+    if (isNaN(d.getTime())) return null;
+    return d.toISOString();
+  }
+
+  // Pull the distinct contexts list once per open. Failures are silent
+  // (the dropdown will just show "All" only) so a transient backend hiccup
+  // doesn't block the operator from seeing the actual error rows.
+  async function refreshContexts() {
    try {
-      const response = await fetch('/api/v1/error-logs');
-      const data = await response.json();
-      
-      if (data.success && data.logs) {
-        if (data.logs.length === 0) {
-          content.innerHTML = '<div style="padding: 20px; text-align: center; color: var(--muted);">✅ No errors logged! Everything is working smoothly.</div>';
-        } else {
-          content.innerHTML = data.logs.map(log => {
-            const date = new Date(log.timestamp).toLocaleString();
-            return `
-              <div class="log-entry error">
-                <span class="log-timestamp">${date}</span>
-                <span class="log-level">ERROR</span>
-                <div class="log-message">
-                  <strong>${escapeHtml(log.context)}</strong>: ${escapeHtml(log.error)}
-                  ${log.details ? `<br><small style="opacity: 0.7;">${escapeHtml(log.details)}</small>` : ''}
-                </div>
-              </div>
-            `;
-          }).join('');
+      const res = await fetch('/api/v1/error-logs/contexts');
+      if (!res.ok) return;
+      const data = await res.json();
+      if (!data.success || !Array.isArray(data.contexts)) return;
+      knownContexts = data.contexts;
+      const currentValue = contextSel.value;
+      contextSel.innerHTML = '<option value="">All</option>';
+      for (const c of data.contexts) {
+        const opt = document.createElement('option');
+        opt.value = c.name;
+        opt.textContent = `${c.name} (${c.count})`;
+        contextSel.appendChild(opt);
+      }
+      // Restore previous selection if still present.
+      if (currentValue && data.contexts.some((c) => c.name === currentValue)) {
+        contextSel.value = currentValue;
+      }
+    } catch { /* ignore */ }
+  }
+
+  function buildQuery() {
+    const params = new URLSearchParams();
+    params.set('limit', String(PAGE_SIZE));
+    params.set('offset', String(currentOffset));
+    if (levelSel.value) params.set('level', levelSel.value);
+    if (contextSel.value) params.set('context', contextSel.value);
+    const since = toIso(sinceInput.value);
+    const until = toIso(untilInput.value);
+    if (since) params.set('since', since);
+    if (until) params.set('until', until);
+    const search = (searchInput.value || '').trim();
+    if (search) params.set('search', search);
+    return params;
+  }
+
+  async function loadLogs(append) {
+    try {
+      if (!append) {
+        if (inflight) inflight.abort();
+        inflight = new AbortController();
+        currentOffset = 0;
+        filterNonce++;
+        container.innerHTML = '<div class="panel-empty"><span class="brand-spinner"></span> Loading...</div>';
+      } else {
+        if (inflight) inflight.abort();
+        inflight = new AbortController();
+      }
+      const myNonce = filterNonce;
+      const params = buildQuery();
+
+      const res = await fetch('/api/v1/error-logs?' + params.toString(), {
+        signal: inflight.signal,
+      });
+      // Mirror audit-log: surface 4xx/5xx explicitly instead of falling
+      // through to a misleading "no entries yet" empty state.
+      if (!res.ok) {
+        container.innerHTML = `<div class="panel-empty" style="color: var(--bad-fg);">Failed: HTTP ${res.status}</div>`;
+        loadMoreBtn.style.display = 'none';
+        totalSpan.textContent = '';
+        return;
+      }
+      const data = await res.json();
+      if (!data.success) {
+        container.innerHTML = `<div class="panel-empty" style="color: var(--bad-fg);">Failed: ${escapeHtml(data.error || 'unknown')}</div>`;
+        loadMoreBtn.style.display = 'none';
+        totalSpan.textContent = '';
+        return;
+      }
+      // Stale-response guard: a non-append load happened after this fetch,
+      // discard so we don't splice into the wrong DOM.
+      if (!append && myNonce !== filterNonce) return;
+
+      const logs = Array.isArray(data.logs) ? data.logs : [];
+      if (logs.length === 0 && !append) {
+        const reason = (data.filters && (data.filters.level || data.filters.context || data.filters.search || data.filters.since || data.filters.until))
+          ? 'No error log entries match your filters.'
+          : '✅ No errors logged! Everything is working smoothly.';
+        container.innerHTML = `<div class="panel-empty"><span class="empty-icon">📋</span>${escapeHtml(reason)}</div>`;
+        loadMoreBtn.style.display = 'none';
+        totalSpan.textContent = data.total ? `${data.total} total` : '';
+        return;
+      }
+
+      let html = '';
+      if (!append) {
+        html = '<table style="width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 0.82rem;">';
+        html += '<tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); color: var(--muted);">';
+        html += '<th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left; width: 160px;">When</th>';
+        html += '<th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left; width: 80px;">Level</th>';
+        html += '<th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left; width: 140px;">Context</th>';
+        html += '<th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left;">Message</th>';
+        html += '<th style="padding: 6px; text-align: left; width: 110px;">IP</th>';
+        html += '</tr>';
+      }
+
+      for (const log of logs) {
+        const level = (log.level || '?').toUpperCase();
+        const levelColor = level === 'ERR' ? 'var(--bad-fg)' : (level === 'WARN' ? 'var(--warn-fg, #f0c674)' : 'var(--muted)');
+        const ts = log.timestamp ? new Date(log.timestamp).toLocaleString() : '—';
+        const ctx = log.context || '—';
+        const msg = (log.error || '').split('\n')[0];
+        const ip = (log.request && log.request.ip) || '';
+        html += `<tr style="border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); cursor: pointer;" class="error-log-row">`;
+        html += `<td style="padding: 6px; color: var(--muted);" title="${escapeHtml(log.timestamp || '')}">${escapeHtml(ts)}</td>`;
+        html += `<td style="padding: 6px;"><span style="color: ${levelColor}; font-weight: 600;">${escapeHtml(level)}</span></td>`;
+        html += `<td style="padding: 6px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 0.78rem;">${escapeHtml(ctx)}</td>`;
+        html += `<td style="padding: 6px;">${escapeHtml(msg)}</td>`;
+        html += `<td style="padding: 6px; font-family: monospace; font-size: 0.78rem;">${escapeHtml(ip)}</td>`;
+        html += '</tr>';
+        if (log.detail) {
+          html += `<tr class="error-log-detail" style="display: none;"><td colspan="5" style="padding: 6px 6px 10px; font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--muted);"><pre style="margin: 0; white-space: pre-wrap; font-family: monospace; max-height: 320px; overflow: auto;">${escapeHtml(log.detail)}</pre></td></tr>`;
        }
-      } else {
-        content.innerHTML = '<div style="padding: 20px; color: var(--bad-fg);">❌ Failed to load error logs</div>';
      }
-    } catch (error) {
-      content.innerHTML = `<div style="padding: 20px; color: var(--bad-fg);">❌ Error loading logs: ${escapeHtml(error.message)}</div>`;
+
+      if (!append) {
+        html += '</table>';
+        container.innerHTML = html;
+      } else {
+        const table = container.querySelector('table');
+        if (table) table.insertAdjacentHTML('beforeend', html);
+      }
+
+      currentOffset += logs.length;
+      loadMoreBtn.style.display = data.hasMore ? '' : 'none';
+      totalSpan.textContent = `${data.total} total${data.hasMore ? ' (showing ' + currentOffset + ')' : ''}`;
+
+      // Toggle detail rows on click — same pattern as audit-log.js
+      container.querySelectorAll('.error-log-row').forEach((row) => {
+        if (row.dataset.wired) return;
+        row.dataset.wired = 'true';
+        row.addEventListener('click', () => {
+          const detail = row.nextElementSibling;
+          if (detail && detail.classList.contains('error-log-detail')) {
+            detail.style.display = detail.style.display === 'none' ? '' : 'none';
+          }
+        });
+      });
+    } catch (e) {
+      if (e && e.name === 'AbortError') return;
+      container.innerHTML = `<div class="panel-empty" style="color: var(--bad-fg);">Failed: ${escapeHtml(e.message)}</div>`;
+      totalSpan.textContent = '';
    }
  }

-  async function clearErrorLogs() {
-    if (!confirm('Clear all error logs?')) return;
-
+  async function clearLogs() {
+    if (!confirm('Clear the entire error log? This cannot be undone.')) return;
    try {
-      const response = await secureFetch('/api/v1/error-logs', { method: 'DELETE' });
-      const data = await response.json();
-      
+      const res = await secureFetch('/api/v1/error-logs', {
+        method: 'DELETE',
+        headers: { 'content-type': 'application/json' },
+        body: JSON.stringify({ confirm: 'CLEAR' }),
+      });
+      const data = await res.json();
      if (data.success) {
+        // After a clear, the contexts list will be empty — re-fetch so the
+        // dropdown reflects reality. Load the now-empty page in parallel.
+        await refreshContexts();
+        loadLogs(false);
        showNotification('✅ Error logs cleared', 'success', 3000);
-        loadErrorLogs();
      } else {
-        showNotification('❌ Failed to clear logs', 'error', 3000);
+        showNotification('❌ ' + (data.error || 'Clear failed'), 'error', 4000);
      }
-    } catch (error) {
-      showNotification(`❌ Error: ${error.message}`, 'error', 3000);
+    } catch (e) {
+      showNotification('❌ ' + e.message, 'error', 4000);
    }
  }

-  viewBtn?.addEventListener('click', () => {
-    modal.classList.add('show');
-    loadErrorLogs();
-  });
+  // Debounce text-input changes so we don't refetch on every keystroke.
+  let searchDebounce;
+  function wireFilters() {
+    levelSel?.addEventListener('change', () => loadLogs(false));
+    contextSel?.addEventListener('change', () => loadLogs(false));
+    searchInput?.addEventListener('input', () => {
+      clearTimeout(searchDebounce);
+      searchDebounce = setTimeout(() => loadLogs(false), 250);
+    });
+    let dateDebounce;
+    [sinceInput, untilInput].forEach((el) => {
+      el?.addEventListener('change', () => {
+        clearTimeout(dateDebounce);
+        dateDebounce = setTimeout(() => loadLogs(false), 250);
+      });
+    });
+    refreshBtn?.addEventListener('click', () => loadLogs(false));
+    loadMoreBtn?.addEventListener('click', () => loadLogs(true));
+    clearBtn?.addEventListener('click', clearLogs);
+    wireModal(modal, closeBtn);
+  }

-  refreshBtn?.addEventListener('click', loadErrorLogs);
-  clearBtn?.addEventListener('click', clearErrorLogs);
-  wireModal(modal, closeBtn);
+  viewBtn?.addEventListener('click', async () => {
+    modal?.classList.add('show');
+    await refreshContexts();
+    loadLogs(false);
+  });
+  wireFilters();
 })();
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+// ========== DC-055: HOST JOURNALD LOG VIEWER ==========
+// Streams host service logs (caddy, dashcaddy-api, docker, ssh, …) via the
+// journalctl bind-mount added in start.sh. Server-Sent Events for live
+// tailing; bounded non-streaming read for historical views.
+(function() {
+  'use strict';
+
+  // Allow-list mirrors the backend's ALLOWED_UNITS so the dropdown stays
+  // honest when the bind-mount isn't available. The server is still the
+  // source of truth — anything not in its allow-list returns 400.
+  const UNIT_PRESETS = [
+    { unit: 'caddy',          label: 'Caddy (reverse proxy)' },
+    { unit: 'dashcaddy-api',  label: 'DashCaddy API (host systemd unit, not this container)' },
+    { unit: 'docker',         label: 'Docker daemon' },
+    { unit: 'ssh',            label: 'SSH server' },
+    { unit: 'systemd-journald', label: 'systemd-journald' },
+    { unit: 'tailscaled',     label: 'Tailscale' },
+    { unit: 'networkd-dispatcher', label: 'Networkd dispatcher' },
+  ];
+
+  injectModal('journald-modal', `
+    <div id="journald-modal" class="weather-modal" style="z-index: 1002;">
+      <div class="weather-modal-content" style="min-width: 900px; max-width: 95vw; height: 80vh; display: flex; flex-direction: column;">
+        <div class="logs-header" style="display: flex; justify-content: space-between; align-items: center; padding-bottom: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border); margin-bottom: 12px;">
+          <div>
+            <h3 style="margin: 0;">🛰️ Host Logs (journald)</h3>
+            <p class="modal-subtitle" style="margin: 4px 0 0 0; font-size: 0.85rem; opacity: 0.7;">
+              Stream host service logs from <code>journalctl</code> (read-only mount). Docker container logs are still in the <em>Container Logs</em> modal.
+            </p>
+          </div>
+          <div class="logs-controls" style="display: flex; gap: 8px; align-items: center; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: flex-end;">
+            <select id="jd-unit-select" style="padding: 6px 10px; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 6px; background: var(--bg); color: var(--fg); min-width: 220px;"></select>
+            <input type="text" id="jd-search" placeholder="Search logs..." style="padding: 6px 10px; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 6px; background: var(--bg); color: var(--fg); width: 160px;" />
+            <input type="number" id="jd-tail" min="1" max="5000" value="200" title="Lines to load (historical view)" style="padding: 6px 10px; border: 1px solid var(--border); border-radius: 6px; background: var(--bg); color: var(--fg); width: 90px;" />
+            <button id="jd-refresh" class="btn-accent-solid" style="padding: 6px 14px; font-size: 0.85rem;">🔄 Load tail</button>
+            <button id="jd-stream" class="btn-accent-solid" style="padding: 6px 14px; font-size: 0.85rem;">▶ Stream</button>
+            <button id="jd-clear-search" style="padding: 6px 10px; font-size: 0.85rem;" title="Clear search">✕</button>
+            <button id="jd-close" class="close-btn" style="padding: 6px 10px;">✕</button>
+          </div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div id="jd-meta" style="display: flex; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 12px; padding: 8px 12px; background: var(--bg-secondary, var(--bg)); border-radius: 6px; font-size: 0.82rem; flex-wrap: wrap;">
+          <span><strong>Source:</strong> <span id="jd-source">journald</span></span>
+          <span><strong>Unit:</strong> <span id="jd-unit-display">-</span></span>
+          <span><strong>Stream:</strong> <span id="jd-stream-state">disconnected</span></span>
+        </div>
+
+        <div id="jd-content" class="logs-content scroll-container" style="flex: 1; min-height: 0; background: #1a1a1a; border-radius: 6px; padding: 12px; font-family: 'Monaco', 'Menlo', 'Ubuntu Mono', monospace; font-size: 0.78rem; overflow: auto;">
+          <div class="logs-loading" style="color: var(--muted); text-align: center; padding: 40px;">Select a unit and click <em>Load tail</em> or <em>Stream</em>.</div>
+        </div>
+
+        <div class="weather-modal-buttons modal-footer-bar" style="margin-top: 12px; padding-top: 12px; border-top: 1px solid var(--border);">
+          <div style="display: flex; gap: 8px; font-size: 0.78rem; color: var(--muted);">
+            <span id="jd-line-count">0 lines</span>
+            <span>|</span>
+            <span id="jd-filter-count">0 shown</span>
+            <span>|</span>
+            <span id="jd-overflow" style="display: none; color: var(--warn-fg, #fbbf24);">⚠ stream overflow — re-load with narrower window</span>
+          </div>
+          <button id="jd-close-btn" class="btn-secondary">Close</button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  `);
+
+  const modal        = document.getElementById('journald-modal');
+  const unitSelect   = document.getElementById('jd-unit-select');
+  const searchInput  = document.getElementById('jd-search');
+  const tailInput    = document.getElementById('jd-tail');
+  const refreshBtn   = document.getElementById('jd-refresh');
+  const streamBtn    = document.getElementById('jd-stream');
+  const clearSearch  = document.getElementById('jd-clear-search');
+  const closeBtn     = document.getElementById('jd-close');
+  const closeBtn2    = document.getElementById('jd-close-btn');
+  const content      = document.getElementById('jd-content');
+  const lineCount    = document.getElementById('jd-line-count');
+  const filterCount  = document.getElementById('jd-filter-count');
+  const overflowHint = document.getElementById('jd-overflow');
+  const unitDisplay  = document.getElementById('jd-unit-display');
+  const streamState  = document.getElementById('jd-stream-state');
+
+  let available = false;     // /var/log/journal mounted?
+  let lines = [];            // current buffer (array of {timestamp, unit, text})
+  let streaming = false;
+  let eventSource = null;
+  let searchTimer = null;
+
+  function escapeHtml(s) {
+    // Local re-declaration so we don't depend on a global; same semantics
+    // as the helper used by container-logs.js and error-logs.js.
+    const div = document.createElement('div');
+    div.textContent = String(s);
+    return div.innerHTML;
+  }
+
+  function setAvailable(isAvailable) {
+    available = isAvailable;
+    unitSelect.innerHTML = '';
+    UNIT_PRESETS.forEach(p => {
+      const opt = document.createElement('option');
+      opt.value = p.unit;
+      opt.textContent = p.label + ' (' + p.unit + ')';
+      unitSelect.appendChild(opt);
+    });
+    unitSelect.disabled = !isAvailable;
+    if (!isAvailable) {
+      content.innerHTML = '<div class="logs-loading" style="color: var(--muted); text-align: center; padding: 40px;">journald bind-mount not available in this container.<br/><small>Requires <code>/var/log/journal</code> + <code>/usr/bin/journalctl</code> mounted (start.sh).</small></div>';
+      refreshBtn.disabled = true;
+      streamBtn.disabled = true;
+    } else {
+      refreshBtn.disabled = false;
+      streamBtn.disabled = false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  async function probeAvailable() {
+    try {
+      const resp = await fetch('/api/v1/logs/journal/units');
+      if (!resp.ok) { setAvailable(false); return; }
+      const data = await resp.json();
+      setAvailable(!!data.available);
+    } catch (e) {
+      setAvailable(false);
+    }
+  }
+
+  function renderLines() {
+    const term = (searchInput.value || '').trim().toLowerCase();
+    const filtered = term ? lines.filter(l => (l.textContent || '').toLowerCase().includes(term)) : lines;
+    if (filtered.length === 0) {
+      content.innerHTML = '<div class="logs-loading" style="color: var(--muted); text-align: center; padding: 40px;">No entries' + (term ? ` matching &quot;${escapeHtml(term)}&quot;` : '') + '</div>';
+    } else {
+      const html = filtered.map(line => {
+        const ts = line.timestamp ? escapeHtml(line.timestamp) : '—';
+        const t = escapeHtml(line.textContent);
+        return `<div class="jd-line" style="padding: 1px 0; line-height: 1.4; color: #d4d4d4;"><span style="color: var(--muted); margin-right: 8px;">${ts}</span>${t}</div>`;
+      }).join('');
+      content.innerHTML = html;
+      // Auto-scroll only if user is already at the bottom (don't fight them).
+      const nearBottom = content.scrollHeight - content.scrollTop - content.clientHeight < 80;
+      if (nearBottom) content.scrollTop = content.scrollHeight;
+    }
+    lineCount.textContent = `${lines.length} entries`;
+    filterCount.textContent = term ? `${filtered.length} of ${lines.length} shown` : `${lines.length} shown`;
+  }
+
+  async function loadTail() {
+    if (!available) return;
+    stopStream();
+    const unit = unitSelect.value;
+    if (!unit) return;
+    const tail = Math.max(1, Math.min(5000, Number(tailInput.value) || 200));
+    const term = (searchInput.value || '').trim();
+    content.innerHTML = '<div class="logs-loading" style="color: var(--muted); text-align: center; padding: 40px;">Loading…</div>';
+    try {
+      const url = new URL('/api/v1/logs/journal', window.location.origin);
+      url.searchParams.set('unit', unit);
+      url.searchParams.set('tail', String(tail));
+      if (term) url.searchParams.set('search', term);
+      const resp = await fetch(url.toString());
+      const data = await resp.json();
+      if (!resp.ok || !data.success) {
+        content.innerHTML = '<div class="logs-loading" style="color: var(--bad-fg, #ef4444); text-align: center; padding: 40px;">Failed: ' + escapeHtml((data && data.error) || ('HTTP ' + resp.status)) + '</div>';
+        return;
+      }
+      unitDisplay.textContent = unit;
+      lines = (data.entries || []).map(e => ({
+        timestamp: e.timestamp,
+        unit: e.unit,
+        textContent: e.text || '',
+      }));
+      overflowHint.style.display = 'none';
+      renderLines();
+    } catch (e) {
+      content.innerHTML = '<div class="logs-loading" style="color: var(--bad-fg, #ef4444); text-align: center; padding: 40px;">Error: ' + escapeHtml(e.message) + '</div>';
+    }
+  }
+
+  function startStream() {
+    if (!available) return;
+    stopStream();
+    const unit = unitSelect.value;
+    if (!unit) return;
+    const term = (searchInput.value || '').trim();
+    unitDisplay.textContent = unit;
+    streamBtn.textContent = '⏸ Stop';
+    streamBtn.classList.add('streaming');
+    streamState.textContent = 'streaming';
+    streamState.style.color = 'var(--ok-fg, #4ade80)';
+    lines = [];
+    renderLines();
+    overflowHint.style.display = 'none';
+    const url = new URL('/api/v1/logs/journal/stream', window.location.origin);
+    url.searchParams.set('unit', unit);
+    if (term) url.searchParams.set('search', term);
+    eventSource = new EventSource(url.toString());
+    eventSource.onmessage = (ev) => {
+      try {
+        const entry = JSON.parse(ev.data);
+        if (entry.error) {
+          // Overflow / validation / bind-mount errors
+          if (/stream (exceeded|line cap)/.test(entry.error)) {
+            overflowHint.style.display = '';
+            stopStream();
+          }
+          content.innerHTML += '<div class="jd-line" style="color: var(--bad-fg, #ef4444); padding: 4px 0;">⚠ ' + escapeHtml(entry.error) + '</div>';
+          content.scrollTop = content.scrollHeight;
+          return;
+        }
+        lines.push({
+          timestamp: entry.timestamp,
+          unit: entry.unit || unit,
+          textContent: entry.text || '',
+        });
+        // Hard cap to keep memory bounded if operator streams forever.
+        if (lines.length > 5000) {
+          lines = lines.slice(lines.length - 5000);
+          overflowHint.style.display = '';
+        }
+        renderLines();
+      } catch (_) {
+        // Ignore malformed events; the server is authoritative.
+      }
+    };
+    eventSource.onerror = () => {
+      // EventSource auto-reconnects; mark transient if we were expecting
+      // more, otherwise we closed it deliberately.
+      if (!streaming) return;
+    };
+    streaming = true;
+  }
+
+  function stopStream() {
+    streaming = false;
+    if (eventSource) {
+      try { eventSource.close(); } catch (_) { /* ignore */ }
+      eventSource = null;
+    }
+    streamBtn.textContent = '▶ Stream';
+    streamBtn.classList.remove('streaming');
+    streamState.textContent = 'disconnected';
+    streamState.style.color = 'var(--muted)';
+  }
+
+  function close() {
+    stopStream();
+    modal.classList.remove('show');
+  }
+
+  // Wire events
+  refreshBtn.addEventListener('click', loadTail);
+  streamBtn.addEventListener('click', () => streaming ? stopStream() : startStream());
+  clearSearch.addEventListener('click', () => { searchInput.value = ''; renderLines(); });
+  searchInput.addEventListener('input', () => {
+    clearTimeout(searchTimer);
+    searchTimer = setTimeout(renderLines, 200);
+  });
+  searchInput.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
+    if (e.key === 'Escape') { searchInput.value = ''; renderLines(); }
+  });
+  closeBtn.addEventListener('click', close);
+  closeBtn2.addEventListener('click', close);
+  modal.addEventListener('click', (e) => { if (e.target === modal) close(); });
+  document.addEventListener('keydown', (e) => {
+    if (e.key === 'Escape' && modal.classList.contains('show')) close();
+  });
+  // Reload tail automatically when the unit dropdown changes (if we have
+  // data already — saves a click).
+  unitSelect.addEventListener('change', () => {
+    if (lines.length > 0) loadTail();
+  });
+
+  // Hook into the existing "Container Logs" modal button so operators get a
+  // separate entry point; mirror the openContainerLogsModal pattern.
+  function openJournaldModal() {
+    modal.classList.add('show');
+    probeAvailable();
+  }
+  window.openJournaldModal = openJournaldModal;
+
+  document.getElementById('view-journald-logs')?.addEventListener('click', openJournaldModal);
+})();
@@ -3,14 +3,18 @@
  let es = null;
  let reconnectDelay = 1000;
  const MAX_RECONNECT = 30000;
+  let _sseFailCount = 0;
+  let _sseManuallyClosed = false;

  function connect() {
    if (es) { try { es.close(); } catch (_) {} }
+    if (_sseManuallyClosed) return; // auth-lost: don't reconnect

    es = new EventSource('/api/v1/events/stream');

    es.addEventListener('connected', () => {
      reconnectDelay = 1000; // reset backoff
+      _sseFailCount = 0; // reset failure counter
      debug('[SSE] Connected to event stream');
    });

@@ -101,15 +105,46 @@
    // Reconnect on error
    es.onerror = () => {
      es.close();
+      // If auth was explicitly lost (401/403 from the polling loop),
+      // don't attempt reconnection at all.
+      if (window._dcAuthLost || _sseManuallyClosed) {
+        console.warn('[SSE] Auth lost — stopping reconnection');
+        return;
+      }
+      // Transient failures: retry with exponential backoff, stop after 5
+      _sseFailCount++;
+      if (_sseFailCount > 5) {
+        console.warn('[SSE] Max reconnect attempts reached — stopping (server unreachable)');
+        return;
+      }
      console.warn(`[SSE] Disconnected, reconnecting in ${reconnectDelay / 1000}s...`);
      setTimeout(connect, reconnectDelay);
      reconnectDelay = Math.min(reconnectDelay * 2, MAX_RECONNECT);
    };
  }

+  // Called by grid.js when the polling loop detects auth loss (401/403)
+  function closeAndStop() {
+    _sseManuallyClosed = true;
+    if (es) { try { es.close(); } catch (_) {} }
+  }
+
+  // Called by totp-auth.js after a successful mid-session re-auth:
+  // clears the latch so connect() can proceed again and resets the
+  // failure backoff. (Plain _sseReconnect/connect() would early-return
+  // on the latch forever — the user would need a manual F5.)
+  function resumeAfterReauth() {
+    _sseManuallyClosed = false;
+    _sseFailCount = 0;
+    reconnectDelay = 1000;
+    connect();
+  }
+
  // Start on page load
  connect();

-  // Expose for debugging
+  // Expose for debugging and cross-module coordination
  window._sseReconnect = connect;
+  window._sseClose = closeAndStop;
+  window._sseResume = resumeAfterReauth;
 })();
@@ -125,6 +125,15 @@
        if (typeof window.initializeDashboard === 'function') {
          window.initializeDashboard();
        }
+        // Resume live updates after mid-session re-auth. The auth-loss
+        // handlers latched polling + SSE off when the session expired
+        // (grid.js sets _dcAuthLost, live-events.js latches the stream
+        // closed); a fresh login must clear both and reconnect, or the
+        // dashboard stays frozen on stale data until a manual F5.
+        window._dcAuthLost = false;
+        if (typeof window._sseResume === 'function') window._sseResume();
+        else if (typeof window._sseReconnect === 'function') window._sseReconnect();
+        if (typeof window.refreshAll === 'function') window.refreshAll();
      } else {
        errorEl.textContent = data.error || 'Invalid code';
        errorEl.className = 'totp-error';
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-const CACHE = 'dashcaddy-shell-4a75cb88af';
+const CACHE = 'dashcaddy-shell-a24ef15882';
 const PRECACHE = [
  '/',
  '/index.html',